Electrochromic materials are able to change their optical properties in a persistent and reversible way under the action of a voltage pulse. This book explores electrochromism among the metal oxides, with detailed discussions of materials preparation (primarily by thin film technology), materials characterization by (electro)chemical and physical techniques, optical properties, electrochromic device design, and device performance. The vast quantity of information presented is structured in a systematic manner and the optical data is interpreted within a novel conceptual framework.The publication will serve as a comprehensive foundation and reference work for future studies within the rapidly expanding field of electrochromic materials and devices. These devices are of particular interest for information displays, variable-transmittance (smart) windows, variable-reflectance mirrors and variable-emittance surfaces.

Electrochromic materials can change their properties under the influence of an electrical voltage or current. Different classes of materials show this behavior such as transition metal oxides, conjugated polymers, metal-coordinated complexes and organic molecules. As the color change is persistent, the electric field needs only to be applied to initiate the switching, allowing for applications such as low-energy consumption displays, light-adapting mirrors in the automobile industry and smart windows for which the amount of transmitted light and heat can be controlled. The first part of this book describes the different classes and processing techniques of electrochromic materials. The second part highlights nanostructured electrochromic materials and device fabrication, and the third part focuses on the applications such as smart windows, adaptive camouflage, biomimicry, wearable displays and fashion. The last part rounds off the book by device case studies and environmental impact issues.

Interest in and attention on electrochromic technology has been growing since the 1970s, with the advent of numerous electrochromic devices in commercial and industrial settings. Many laboratory-based colour-changing electrochromic device prototypes have surfaced following research breakthroughs in recent years, and the consumer market has been expanding continuously. Electrochromic devices have a wide range of applications, such as displays, self-dimming mirrors for automobiles, electrochromic e-skins, textiles, and smart windows for energy-efficient buildings. Electrochromic Smart Materials covers major topics related to the phenomenon of electrochromism, including fundamental principles, different classes and subclasses of electrochromic materials, and device processing and manufacturing. It also highlights a broad range of existing and potential applications of electrochromic devices, with an analysis of the current market needs and future trends. Providing a comprehensive overview of the field, this book will serve as introductory reading to those new to this area, as well as a resource providing detailed, in-depth knowledge and insights to the seasoned audience. Featuring contributions from researchers across the globe, it will be of interest to postgraduate students and researchers in both academia and industry interested in smart design, materials science and engineering.