The objective of this guideline is to provide global, science-informed recommendations on infant feeding in areas of Zika virus transmission. The primary audience of this guideline is health professionals responsible for developing national and local health protocols, especially those related to infant feeding in infancy and early childhood. The primary audience also includes those directly providing care to infants, such as nurses, general medical practitioners, paediatricians, managers of maternal, newborn and child health programmes and relevant personnel in health ministries, in all settings. Lastly, this guideline is also of interest to pregnant or breastfeeding women living or travelling to areas where Zika virus transmission continues. This guideline aims to help WHO Member States and their partners to make science-informed decisions on the appropriate actions in their efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, the resolutions of the World Health Assembly on infant and young child feeding and the global targets put forward in the comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition, the global strategy for infant and young child feeding and the Zika Strategic Response Plan.

This book describes the demographic and clinical patterns of Zika infection and evaluates the risk of it spreading to Europe. It reflects the hands-on experience of the author, who as a physician, was faced with the first-ever cases reported in Europe. Providing essential background information on the viral vector, it addresses the various symptoms after infection, and places them in the epidemiological context of past outbreaks. The book addresses the needs of physicians attending patients with infectious diseases, including infectious-disease specialists, pediatricians, internal medicine specialists, general practitioners, obstetricians, tropical medicine and travel medicine specialists, preventive medicine and public health specialists, microbiologists, biologists and vectorial control specialists. It raises clinicians’ and travel health clinics’ awareness of the evolution of Zika virus outbreaks and the affected areas so that they can include this infection in their differential diagnoses for travelers from those areas.

Breastfeeding and appropriate, safe and timely complementary feeding are fundamental to the health and development of children, and important for the health of their mothers. All health workers who care for women and children during the postnatal period and beyond have a key role to play in establishing and sustaining breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding. This guide, which is an update of the version published in 2005, enables course directors to create a customized training package that will respond directly to the specific learning needs of their health workers. The training modules cover a range of topics, including breastfeeding, complementary feeding, growth assessment and monitoring, HIV and infant feeding, and infant and young child feeding counselling.

Children in developing countries continue to be susceptible to infectious and non-infectious disorders that lead to growth retardation, cognitive impairment and high infant and childhood mortality. Clinical, epidemiologic and pathogenetic studies are providing opportunities to intervene against these disorders as never before. In this issue, international experts in child health offer their perspectives on the problems of greatest import to the health of children growing up in impoverished environments. Opportunities for research and intervention are particularly emphasized. Articles are specifically devoted to the following topics: Child Health and Survival in a Changing World; Childhood Nutrition and Growth; Children with Disabilities in the Developing Nations; The Burden of Enteropathy and Subclinical Infections; Malaria in Children; The Unholy Trinity: Nematode Infections in Developing Countries; The Burden and Etiology of Diarrheal Illness in Developing Countries; Intestinal Protozoal Infections; Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections; Primary Bacteremia and Meningitis in Developing Countries; Neonatal and Perinatal Infections; HIV in Developing Countries; and Tuberculosis in Children.

Zika is an arboviral disease that has caused a significant impact, especially in the Americas after the epidemics in 2015 and 2016. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2016, linking it with the Guillain-Barré syndrome and especially the microcephaly and the Congenital Zika Syndrome. The multiple consequences, especially in the central and peripheral nervous system in the short and long term, are still to be better defined. Therefore research on Zika is crucial. This book presents an update of the significant epidemiological and clinical research of Zika over the last years in many aspects and from a multinational perspective.

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