compartmentalization of traditional historiography has influenced my work.

During the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906 to 1911 a variety of forces played key roles in overthrowing a repressive regime. Afary sheds new light on the role of ordinary citizens and peasantry, the status of Iranian women, and the multifaceted structure of Iranian society.

compartmentalization of traditional historiography has influenced my work.

This book reconstructs and analyzes the history of left-wing politics in Iran and its Russo-Caucasian origins during the Persian Constitutional Revolution. It is also a history of the formative years of the socialist movement in Iran between the first Russian revolution of 1905, when Iran first felt the organizational influence of Russian Marxism, and the suppression of the Iranian Constitutional regime by Tsarist bayonets in the shadow of British support in 1911. The first study to unravel and reconstruct the decisive role of social democracy in Iran's most important transformation in modern times, this book recovers a vital part of Iran's modern history. Based on research in Iranian, Azeri, Armenian, Georgian, Russian, British, German, French, and American sources, it explains the deep roots and consequences of Iran's Constitutional Revolution and its international character.

Analyses the history of left-wing politics in Iran and its Russo-Caucasian origins during the Persian Constitutional Revolution. The book is also a history of the formative years of the socialist movement in Iran between the first Russian revolution of 1905 and the suppression of the Iranian constitutional regime by Tsarist forces in 1911.

In this thoroughly researched account, Mansour Bonakdarian provides an in-depth exploration of the substantial British support for the Iranian constitutional and national struggle of 1906-1911, illuminating the opposition in Britain to Anglo-Russian imperialist intervention in Iran. In painstaking and compelling detail Bonakdarian analyzes, in particular, the role of the Persia Committee, a lobbying group founded in 1908 for the sole purpose of changing Britain's policy toward Iran. This book's strength lies in its coverage of how Sir Edward Grey's policy toward Iran was shaped and the extent to which this policy was affected by sustained criticism from a number of disparate groups including dissenters, radicals, socialists, liberal imperialists, and conservatives. The volume and breadth of primary archival materials used is extensive. Not only have all the standard collections been examined, such as the Foreign Office files and the Cabinet and Grey papers, but also numerous private archives in international libraries have been consulted. Bonakdarian's deep understanding of the Iranian issues yields a rich and balanced approach to the literature in the field. With clear and systematic arguments, he offers an account of diplomatic history that is accessible and persuasive. His scholarship is certain to reinvigorate dialogue on the subject of Anglo-Iranian relations.