Historians have long grappled with the question of how Islamic civilization - so clearly dominant during the medieval period - could fall completely under Western hegemony in the modern age? Many Western writers answer this question by referencing European ingenuity, initiative, and transformative energy in contrast with Islamic parochialism, passivity, and resistance to change. This book challenges such assumptions by studying the career of an aggressive sultan in early-modern Morocco, Mulay Ahmad al-Mansur (r. 1578-1603), who dared to take on the international super-powers of his day and sought to redraw the map of Islamic Africa. Al-Mansur is best known for launching a bold invasion across the Sahara desert to conquer the West African Songhay Empire. Most historians ascribe strictly economic motives for this assault, stating that the sultan wished to capture the prosperous gold trade that had traveled for centuries from West Africa to the Mediterranean. Dr Cory argues instead that Mulay Ahmad was pursuing more expansive goals than simply stuffing his coffers with West African gold, as evidenced by audacious claims made on his behalf in numerous panegyric texts produced by the sultan's court. Through a detailed analysis of official histories, documents and correspondence, writings by European observers, and architectural evidence, he contends that the sultan sought to establish a Western caliphate that would eclipse the Ottoman Empire. Mulay Ahmad advanced this agenda through panegyric literature, elaborate court ceremonies, grand constructions, stunning military conquests, and astute diplomacy with European powers, Ottoman officials, and sub-Saharan rulers. Such assertions of universal caliphal authority had not been seriously promoted in Islam for over three hundred years before al-Mansur's reign. Thus al-Mansur sought to move his country forward into the modern age by returning to an institution that had governed Muslim lands during the fabled golden age of the Abbasid and Andalusian Umayyad caliphates. Through an investigation of the sultan's ambitions and achievements Dr Cory provides new insight into the history of relations between Muslim states and the West.

ISIS claims to have reinstated the glorious caliphate of old: a time when Islam was at the center of the world, and Islamic law was the law of the land. Many of their practices are considered barbaric by modern standards, but followers of the Islamic State claim their ways are prescribed by righteous ancestors, passed down orally and in written records. Daily life under the caliphate has been turned upside down for those caught in the path of ISIS. Students will learn how ISIS enforces a 1,500-year-old body of laws, what daily life is like for followers of the Islamic State, and what it's like to live under the caliphate for those forced to endure the rule of ISIS.

Investigating the appeal of the group Hizb ut-Tahrir (HT), the study expands on why non-violent radical forms of Islam still attract segments of Muslim communities in the West. Being one of the few comprehensive studies on HT, this book discusses how this Islamist group advocate for the caliphate and for the implementation of shari’a but also reject violence as a tool to achieve these goals. Through interviews with current HT members, observation at HT-sponsored events and social media analysis, this book leads the reader into the world of vocal radical Islamist groups, exploring their goals and activities in Western states, with a special focus on the UK and Australia. In fact, as many other non-violent Islamist groups, HT represent the choice of all those individuals who might share Islamist arguments but who reject the use of violence. Given their non-violent nature, vocal radicals are mostly free to operate in the Western world, attracting new members, conducting a relentless campaign against the "West as a system" and representing a serious source of concern not only for national authorities but for the broader Muslim community. This book stands as an original publication and paves the way to a new area of study crossing sociology, Islamic studies and political sciences. This book is one of the few contributions on vocal and radical Islamism to date.

This book is all about Caliphate and Islam which was destroyed in 1914 through first illegal invasion of Iraq and Caliphate was abolished on 29th October, 1923 by Ataturk, a secret Jew according to Joachim Prinz as he mentioned in his famous book, The Secret Jews (pg 122). Largest Muslims which more than total Arab Muslims live in Indonesia and Malaysia and part of Philippine where no Muslim or Arab invader invaded and the fact is Europeans and USA invaded this countries. Sufis from Iran and Arab world spread Islam in these countries. Muslims were in America before arrival of Europeans. October 21, 1492, Columbus admitted in his papers that while his ship was sailing near Gibara on the northeast coast of Cuba, he saw a Mosque on the top of a beautiful mountain. Ruins of Mosques and minarets with inscriptions of Qur'anic verses have been discovered in Cuba, Mexico, Texas, and Nevada. In 1492, Columbus had two captains of Muslim origin during his first voyage, one named Martin Alonso Pinzon the captain of the Pinta, and his brother Vicente Yanex Pinzon the captain of the Nina. They were wealthy expert ship outfitters who helped organize Columbus' expedition and repaired the flagship Santa Maria. The Pinzon family was related to Abuzayan Muhammad III, the Moroccan Sultan of the Marinid Dynasty (1196-1465).[i] There is European Union for Europeans and same Europeans or Anglo Saxons who illegally occupied 4 continents of North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica and still today they are illegally occupying those 4 continents and sending powerful Navy, Air Force, Arm Force to Bahrain, Dhahrain, Iraq, Afghanistan and Persian Gulf and many part of this world. But why Europeans or Anglo Saxons are afraid of Caliphate on the model of European Union or USA? Has ever Hitler invaded 4 continents except his own Europe? The answer is no. So all must see their own face in the mirror before blaming any race or religion or individual. It has become every day habit to blame Islam and Muslims where as no Arab or Muslim invader ever went to Indonesia or Malaysia where largest Muslim group live and Indonesia is the Largest Muslim country though so called Europeans Christians invaded both Indonesia and Malaysia. So why has it become every day habit to blame Caliphate, Muslims and Arab? Have you ever heard that Muslim version of FBI or MI5 ever questioned Europeans in India or Arab World when Muslims were sole power in earth for over a thousand years and when Muslim rulers allowed Europeans to be immigrants in land of Caliphate or India for that greatness those Europeans became spies and occupied Muslim land? So why FBI or MI5 dare to harass Muslims? Why there is such cowardly behavior and attitude of FBI, MI5 or CIA and MI6 and other Western agencies? The way present genocide is going in Iraq, Afghanistan and it already started in northern Pakistan besides the threat of genocide against Iran with same pretext of WMD in Iraq, we must be terrified. There was no limit of lies and deception in human history. There is no limit of genocide in human history too. During last European War over 70 million people, the majority of them civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history.[3] Muslims even did not kill 70 millions during last 1400 years.

From a preeminent scholar of Islamic history, the authoritative history of caliphates from their beginnings in the 7th century to the modern day In Caliphate, Islamic historian Hugh Kennedy dissects the idea of the caliphate and its history, and explores how it became used and abused today. Contrary to popular belief, there is no one enduring definition of a caliph; rather, the idea of the caliph has been the subject of constant debate and transformation over time. Kennedy offers a grand history of the caliphate since the beginning of Islam to its modern incarnations. Originating in the tumultuous years following the death of the Mohammad in 632, the caliphate, a politico-religious system, flourished in the great days of the Umayyads of Damascus and the Abbasids of Baghdad. From the seventh-century Orthodox caliphs to the nineteenth-century Ottomans, Kennedy explores the tolerant rule of Umar, recounts the traumatic murder of the caliph Uthman, dubbed a tyrant by many, and revels in the flourishing arts of the golden eras of Abbasid Baghdad and Moorish Andalucí Kennedy also examines the modern fate of the caliphate, unraveling the British political schemes to spur dissent against the Ottomans and the ominous efforts of Islamists, including ISIS, to reinvent the history of the caliphate for their own malevolent political ends. In exploring and explaining the great variety of caliphs who have ruled throughout the ages, Kennedy challenges the very narrow views of the caliphate propagated by extremist groups today. An authoritative new account of the dynasties of Arab leaders throughout the Islamic Golden Age, Caliphate traces the history-and misappropriations-of one of the world's most potent political ideas.