Copublished with Editorial de la Universidad del Magdalena Global Perspectives on Landscapes of Warfare examines the effects of conflict on landscapes and the ways landscapes have shaped social and political boundaries over time. Contributors from different archaeological traditions introduce a variety of methodologies and theories to understand and explain how territories and geographies in antiquity were modified in response to threat. Drawing from eleven case studies from periods ranging over eight thousand years in the Americas, Asia, and Europe, contributors consider how social groups moved and concentrated residences, built infrastructure, invested resources, created alliances and negotiated with human and nonhuman entities for aid, formed and reformed borders, and memorialized sites and territories. Because landscapes of warfare deal with built environments, chapters are presented with rich graphic documentation—detailed maps, site plans, and artifacts—to support the analysis and interpretations. Territories that have been appropriated and transformed by communities at war illustrate how built landscapes not only reflect immediate events but also influence subsequent generations. With a diverse array of case studies and an explicit focus on landscapes, Global Perspectives on Landscapes of Warfare will be of great interest to students and scholars of conflict archaeology and the anthropology and history of violence across the globe. Contributors: Elizabeth Arkush, Viktor A. Borzunov, Igor V. Chechushkov, Tiffany Earley-Spadoni, Nam C. Kim, Lauren Kohut, Takehiko Matsugi, Kerry Nichols, Russell S. Quick, Lizzie Scholtus, James T. Williams

This book presents archaeological research from places of war, violence, protest and oppression of the 20th and the 21st century; sites where the material relics give a deep insight to fateful events - a shadow of war. Alongside renewed interest in National Socialism and the Holocaust, archaeological interest started in former concentration camps of the Nazi dictatorship. The focus was on the central places of the camps, such as the gas chambers, the crematoria, or execution sites, as well as prisoners' barracks and the parade ground. In many cases, these sites revealed forgotten and vanished structures, where archaeological excavations can offer the possibility for commemorating the victims. The research has since widened and includes other sites of Nazi dictatorship and the Second World War, as well as the First World War, the Cold War and locations of civil wars and civilian protest against state authorities and against companies and corporations in many parts of the world. In order to come to a comprehensive understanding contemporary archaeology must take a global perspective. Archaeological finds often shed light on daily life, revealing survival conditions in the internment camps; the lives of people and their fighting and dying on battlefields and in trenches. Likewise, the relics of politically active people in protest camps give an impression of their commitment in civilian protest. Sometimes material remains can help to tell an alternative or balancing narrative to the state's official recorded history. The enormous volume and diverse range of material culture presents challenges and opportunities. Through careful archaeological investigation, we can present different and new perspectives that are not recorded clearly in existing written, pictorial or oral archives. The merging and examination of all sources together is what enables us to understand the complexity of the history. This book will also present future directions in contemporary archaeology that will help bring the study focus beyond sites and assemblages of war and protest.

Conflict, Heritage and World-Making in the Chaco documents and interprets the physical remains and afterlives of the Chaco War (1932–35) – known as South America’s first ‘modern’ armed conflict – in what is now present-day Paraguay. It focuses not only on archaeological remains as conventionally understood, but takes an ontological approach to heterogeneous assemblages of objects, texts, practices and landscapes shaped by industrial war and people’s past and present engagements with them. These assemblages could be understood to constitute a ‘dark heritage’, the debris of a failed modernity. Yet it is clear that they are not simply dead memorials to this bloody war, but have been, and continue to be active in making, unmaking and remaking worlds – both for the participants and spectators of the war itself, as well as those who continue to occupy and live amongst the vast accretions of war matériel which persist in the present.

This book explores the unanticipated benefits that may arise after wars and conflicts, showing how the preservation of battlefields and the establishment of borderlands can create natural capital in the former landscapes of war. The editors call this Collateral Value, in contrast to the collateral damage that war inflicts upon infrastructure, natural capital, and human capital. The book includes case studies recounting successes and failures, opportunities and risks, and ambitious proposals. The book is organized in two sections. The first visits U.S., English, and French battlefield sites dating from medieval England to World War I. The second explores borderlands located on several continents, established to end or prevent conflict. Both of these can create value beyond their original purpose, by preserving natural areas and restoring biodiversity. Among the topics covered are: · Registering English Battlefields · Old forts and new amenities in the Southern Plains of the U.S. · Verdun, France, and the conservation of WWI cultural and natural heritage · Conservation lessons learned in the Cordillera del Condor Corridor of the Andes mountains · Korea’s DMZ and its nature preserve · Wakhan National Park, a mountainous buffer area between Afghanistan and Pakistan The book examines state-of-the-art applications of landscape ecology, including methods for change detection, connectivity analysis, and the quantification of ecosystem services. Also included is a chapter on a creative proposal for “Guantánamo 2.0,” which would transform the Gitmo detention facility into a peace park and ecological research center. A concluding chapter appraises the past, present, and future of Collateral Values. Collateral Values: The Natural Capital Created by Landscapes of War benefits a broad audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practicing professionals.

This volume places the Eastern, especially the Austro-Russian, fronts of the Great War centre stage, examining the little-known environmental and spatial dimensions in the history of the war. The focus is particularly on the Austrian crown land of Galicia, which was transformed from a neglected periphery into a battleground of three imperial armies, and where for the first time, nature was a key protagonist. The book balances contributions by emerging and established scholars, and benefits from a multi-language approach, expertise in the field, and extensive archival research in national archives. Contributors are Hanna Bazhenova, Gustavo Corni, Iaroslav Golubinov, Kerstin Susanne Jobst, Tomasz Kargol, Alexandra Likhacheva, Oksana Nagornaia, David Novotny, Christoph Nübel, Gwendal Piégais, Andrea Rendl, Kamil Ruszała, Nicolas Saunders, Kerstin von Lingen, Yulia Zherdeva, and Liubov Zhvanko.

By investigating the sites of historical battlefields, this book shows that an insight can be developed into the minds of those who fought, and into some of our own expectations about war. It reveals differences in landscape type between battlefields from the tenth to nineteenth century in Britain, Belgium, France, Spain and Portugal.

War has long been a defining feature of human history, shaping societies, economies, and the lives of individuals in profound and lasting ways. It is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon encompassing not only armed conflict between nations but also internal conflicts, civil wars, and insurgencies. The impact of war extends far beyond the battlefield, affecting every aspect of human existence and leaving a lasting imprint on generations to come. At its core, war represents a breakdown of diplomacy and a resort to violence as a means to resolve of resolving conflicts. It arises from various causes, from territorial disputes and ideological differences to competition for resources and power. Throughout history, wars have been fought for land, religion, independence, political ideologies, and countless other motivations. Regardless of the reasons behind them, the consequences of war are far-reaching and profound. One of the most devastating impacts of war is the loss of human life. Countless soldiers and civilians have perished on the battlefield, leaving behind grieving families and shattered communities. Unfathomable suffering caused by violence, displacement, and the destruction of people's homes and livelihoods is a common feature of the horrors of war. The cost to survivors' physical and mental health is tremendous, and they frequently deal with trauma, impairments, and lasting psychological scars. Beyond the immediate casualties, war can also have long-term consequences on societies and economies. Infrastructure is decimated, leaving communities without access to essential healthcare, education, and clean water. Economic systems collapse as resources are diverted to support military efforts, leading to poverty, unemployment, and widespread instability. The displacement of populations and the disruption of social structures further exacerbate these challenges, creating a cycle of hardship and dependency that can persist for generations. Moreover, the impact of war extends beyond borders, with neighbouring countries often being drawn into the conflict or experiencing its ripple effects. The global community also feels the repercussions of war through the displacement of refugees, the strain on humanitarian resources, and the potential for international tensions and escalations. In an interconnected world, no country is truly isolated from the consequences of war, underscoring the urgent need for diplomacy, conflict resolution, and the prevention of armed conflicts. Understanding the impact of war requires examining both its immediate and long-term effects. It necessitates a comprehensive analysis of armed conflict's social, economic, political, and psychological dimensions. We can gain insights into war's causes, dynamics, and consequences through historical studies, firsthand accounts, and scholarly research. Such knowledge can help inform policies and strategies to mitigate the impact of war, promote peace, and foster reconciliation in the aftermath of conflict. In exploring the impact of war, we will delve into various aspects, ranging from the human cost and humanitarian consequences to the economic aftermath and the challenges of post-war reconstruction. We will examine case studies from different historical periods and geographical regions, shedding light on the diverse experiences and lessons learned from conflicts worldwide. By grappling with the complexities of war, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of its effects and contribute to the ongoing discourse on peacebuilding and conflict resolution.