Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Title | Global Ecological Consequences of the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation PDF eBook |
Author | P.W. Glynn |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 587 |
Release | 1990-09-06 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 0080870902 |
El Niño is a meteorologic/oceanographic phenomenon that occurs sporadically (every few years) at low latitudes. It is felt particularly strongly in the eastern Pacific region, notably from the equator southwards along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. The El Niño is a component of the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) which accentuates the intimate and causal connection between atmospheric and marine processes. Obvious manifestations of El Niño in the eastern Pacific are anomalous warming of the sea; reduced upwelling; a marked decline in fisheries, and high rainfall with frequent flooding.The 1982/83 El Niño was exceptionally severe, and was probably the strongest warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to occur during this century. The warming was intense and spread over large parts of the Pacific Ocean and penetrated to greater depths than usual. Many eastern Pacific coral reefs that had exhibited uninterrupted growth for several hundred years until 1983 were devasted by the disturbance and are now in an erosional mode. Marine species were adversely affected. The consequent depletion of the plant food base resulted in significant reductions in stocks of fish, squid etc. This led to a mass migration and near-total reproductive failure of marine birds at Christmas Island.Emphasis in this volume is placed on disturbances to benthic communities; littoral populations; terrestrial communities and extratropical regions.
Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Title | Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation PDF eBook |
Author | Peter W. Glynn |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 1990 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation
Title | Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation PDF eBook |
Author | Peter W. Glynn |
Publisher | |
Pages | 563 |
Release | 1990 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate
Title | El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate PDF eBook |
Author | Michael J. McPhaden |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
Pages | 528 |
Release | 2020-11-24 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 1119548128 |
Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Global Ecological Consecuences of the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Title | Global Ecological Consecuences of the 1982-83 El Niño-Southern Oscillation PDF eBook |
Author | P. W. Glyn |
Publisher | |
Pages | 0 |
Release | 1990 |
Genre | |
ISBN | 9780444833037 |
El Niño
Title | El Niño PDF eBook |
Author | A. M. Babkina |
Publisher | Nova Publishers |
Pages | 208 |
Release | 2003 |
Genre | Nature |
ISBN | 9781590334126 |
The term El Niño (Spanish for "the Christ Child") was originally used by fishermen along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru to refer to a warm ocean current that typically appears around Christmastime and lasts for several months. Fish are less abundant during these warm intervals, yet in some years, however, the water is especially warm and the break in the fishing season persists into May or even June. El Niño also brings heavy rains. During the past 40 years, nine El Niños have affected the South American coast. Most of them raised water temperatures not only along the coast, but also at the Galapagos islands and in a belt stretching 5000 miles across the equatorial Pacific. The weaker events raised sea temperatures only by one to two degrees Fahrenheit, but the strong ones, like the El Niño of 1982-83, left an imprint, not only upon the local weather and marine life, but also on climatic conditions around the globe. This book includes a detailed overview and bibliography with complete title, author and subject indexes.
Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs
Title | Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs PDF eBook |
Author | David Hopley |
Publisher | Springer Science & Business Media |
Pages | 1226 |
Release | 2010-11-26 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 904812638X |
Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.