As dams age, they are subject to a series of external agents and processes which tend to deteriorate the qualities with which they were originally conceived to stand against these actions. At the same time, it is often necessary to respond to increased safety standards, either in the structural or hydrological fields. Reservoir sedimentation or wat

En la actualidad, la conservación del ambiente es un tema de relevancia a nivel mundial, por la repercusión que tiene en las estrategias de desarrollo y de competitividad, así como en la propia dinámica de los países tendientes a buscar los añorados patrones de sostenibilidad. La contabilidad es un área que ha tenido un desarrollo vertiginoso en los últimos años, motivado por los profundos cambios y la dinámica de los entornos empresariales que han reconfigurado los patrones de comportamiento de este campo. Sin embargo, no ha perdido su esencia, manteniendo su carácter normativo bajo condiciones de relevancia, transparencia y fiabilidad de los hechos económicos. Día con día, en los círculos académicos, es más latente el interés por proporcionarle a esta área del conocimiento funciones para establecer patrones de acción y comportamiento para mejorar la situación ambiental de las empresas. Es por ello que ha surgido un área que por su importancia ha motivado a académicos, empresarios e investigadores, y que está destinada precisamente a cubrir expectativas de información teniendo como base la racionalidad de recursos: la contabilidad financiera ambiental. La presente obra está dedicada a abordar, desde una perspectiva teórica, algunas experiencias que se han obtenido, tanto en México como en Cuba, con el consenso de que sin duda el camino hacia la normatividad contable ambiental es aún incipiente.

Study Abroad 2006-2007 contains some 2,900 entries concerning post-secondary education and training in all academic and professional fields in countries throughout the world. Key features include information on: Study opportunities and financial assistance available to students wishing to study in a foreign country; National systems of higher education; Open and distance learning (ODL) opportunities; Validation of foreign qualifications; How to search for quality institutions of higher education including warnings about bogus institutions. This is a trilingual edition: French/English/Spanish.

This book explores what development banks, governments, and communities have learned in the last decade of careful negotiation between social and environmental protections in the Andean Amazon, and the pressures of a surging infrastructure and development boom. While mega-dams, highways, and ports are filling up the pipelines of planners, the national governments of Andean and Amazon-basin countries and major development banks have enacted ambitious social and environmental protections. The book traces the development of social and environmental protections after years of struggle by affected communities, going beyond official policies to discover how these reforms work in practice, and ultimately whether they are enough to stem the risks of infrastructure mega-projects. As Chinese public banks play an increasingly important role in the region, the book also demonstrates that there is a risk of governments undercutting their own standards. By contrast, this book shows that making infrastructure work for everyone involved requires mutually reinforcing networks of support and accountability among communities, governments, and development banks. This book, led by an expert multi-disciplinary, international team, will be of considerable interest to researchers in the fields of development and development economics, geography, anthropology, and ecology, as well as practitioners in development banks and in government regulatory and foreign aid agencies.

During the life of a dam, changes in safety standards, legislation and land use will inevitably occur, and functional deterioration may also appear. To meet these challenges, these Proceedings from a panel of international experts assess, define and re-evaluate the design criteria for the construction of dams and the many attendant issues in on-going maintenance and management. Authors include international specialists: academics, professionals and those in local government, utilities and suppliers. Practitioners from these same fields will find the book a useful tool in acquiring a comprehensive knowledge of managing and retrofitting dams, so that they can continue to meet society's needs.