The Partnership for Peace (PfP) program can be seen as a lens for examining the larger security policy debates in Poland and Germany. This documented briefing traces the recent evolution of the security debate in each country, and notes how each has adapted PfP to suit its security policy needs. The research reveals that both Poland and Germany view PfP as the first step on a path to NATO membership for at least some of the partner countries, most of all Poland. Germany and Poland are making maximum use of the program to solidify their military cooperation, and both are hopeful that the United States takes a similar view toward PfP implementation. The main difference between the two countries relates to Russia: the Poles fear that Germany may bend its PfP policy of extensive cooperation with Poland to reach agreement on security issues with Russia. The briefing concludes with a discussion of the implications of the Polish and German interpretations of PfP for the United States and for the U.S. Army.

The research reveals that both Poland and Germany view PfP as the first step on a path to NATO membership for at least some of the partner countries, most of all Poland.

The Partnership for Peace (PfP) program can be seen as a lens for examining the larger security policy debates in Poland and Germany. This documented briefing traces the recent evolution of the security debate in each country, and notes how each has adapted PfP to suit its security policy needs. The research reveals that both Poland and Germany view PfP as the first step on a path to NATO membership for at least some of the partner countries, most of all Poland. Germany and Poland are making maximum use of the program to solidify their military cooperation, and both are hopeful that the United States takes a similar view toward PfP implementation. The main difference between the two countries relates to Russia: the Poles fear that Germany may bend its PfP policy of extensive cooperation with Poland to reach agreement on security issues with Russia. The briefing concludes with a discussion of the implications of the Polish and German interpretations of PfP for the United States and for the U.S. Army.

Translation of Friedenspolitik in Europa.

Although it was characterized by simmering international tensions, the early Cold War also witnessed dramatic instances of reconciliation between states, as former antagonists rebuilt political, economic, and cultural ties in the wake of the Second World War. And such efforts were not confined to official diplomacy, as this study of postwar rapprochement between Poland and West Germany demonstrates. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Peace at All Costs follows Polish and German non-state activists who attempted to establish dialogue in the 1950s and 1960s, showing how they achieved modest successes and media attention at the cost of more nuanced approaches to their national histories and identities.

The region between the Baltic and the Black Sea was marked by a set of crises and conflicts in the 1920s and 1930s, demonstrating the diplomatic, military, economic or cultural engagement of France, Germany, Russia, Britain, Italy and Japan in this highly volatile region, and critically damaging the fragile post-Versailles political arrangement. The editors, in naming this region as "Middle Europe" seek to revive the symbolic geography of the time and accentuate its position, situated between Big Powers and two World Wars. The ten case studies in this book combine traditional diplomatic history with a broader emphasis on the geopolitical aspects of Big-Power rivalry to understand the interwar period. The essays claim that the European Big Powers played a key role in regional affairs by keeping the local conflicts and national movements under control and by exploiting the region's natural resources and military dependencies, while at the same time strengthening their prestige through cultural penetration and the cultivation of client networks. The authors, however, want to avoid the simplistic view that the Big Powers fully dominated the lesser players on the European stage. The relationship was indeed hierarchical, but the essays also reveal how the "small states" manipulated Big-Power disagreements, highlighting the limits of the latters' leverage throughout the 1920s and the 1930s.

This book examines external perceptions of the Franco-German relationship, both from a historical perspective and as a driving force for regional integration. By providing various country and regional studies, it analyses the various types of perception and self-perception in several regions around the globe. Here, Franco-German cooperation serves as a mirror in which third-party countries view their own situation, today and in the future. The contributions address the questions of if and how the Franco-German reconciliation and cooperation is perceived as a role model for other regions, especially for the reconciliation of other inter-state and international conflicts. A concluding chapter highlights the divergences and convergences between the respective conflicts, and proposes recommendations for actors involved in diplomacy and international relations. The book is intended to provide scientific support for the implementation of the Franco-German Aachen Treaty of January 2019. It will appeal to scholars in political science and cultural studies, and to anyone interested in learning more about the Franco-German relationship and on external perspectives on it.