The constantly growing demand for energy, as well as the realization during the past decade that fossil energy reserves to satisfy ever increasing energy consumption are limited, have helped, as part of the search for alternative energy sources, to bring the subject of geothermics to its present level of significance. Practical geothermics is concerned with prospecting for and develop ment of geothermal heat. General geothermics deals with the thermal state of our Earth as a whole. Both divisions of this field, however, contribute practical insights, and improved methods of temperature esti mation have helped to give us a better picture of detailed thermal condi tions. It is difficult for readers interested in this field to obtain an overview from the numerous, specialized papers that have been written on geother mics. This book is meant to provide a thorough introduction to the subject, although the coverage is not exhaustive is detail. Geothermics is taught at universities and technical institutes, as part of the curriculum in geology. This introduction to geothermics is directed especially to students of geophysics and is meant to be used as a supple ment to their lectures. of this work must be given to my Special thanks for the completion teacher, Prof. Dr. O. ROSENBACH. His lectures in geophysics inspired my interest in geothermics, which is still my main research area.

This book describes origin and characteristics of the Earth’s thermal field, thermal flow propagation and some thermal phenomena in the Earth. Description of thermal properties of rocks and methods of thermal field measurements in boreholes, underground, at near-surface conditions enables to understand the principles of temperature field acquisition and geothermal model development. Processing and interpretation of geothermal data are shown on numerous field examples from different regions of the world. The book warps, for instance, such fields as analysis of thermal regime of the Earth’s crust, evolution and thermodynamic conditions of the magma-ocean and early Earth atmosphere, thermal properties of permafrost, thermal waters, geysers and mud volcanoes, methods of Curie discontinuity construction, quantitative interpretation of thermal anomalies, examination of some nonlinear effects, and integration of geothermal data with other geophysical methods. This book is intended for students and researchers in the field of Earth Sciences and Environment studying thermal processes in the Earth and in the subsurface. It will be useful for specialists applying thermal field analysis in petroleum, water and ore geophysics, environmental and ecological studies, archaeological prospection and climate of the past.

More than 20 countries generate electricity from geothermal resources and about 60 countries make direct use of geothermal energy. A ten-fold increase in geothermal energy use is foreseeable at the current technology level. Geothermal Energy: An Alternative Resource for the 21st Century provides a readable and coherent account of all facets of geothermal energy development and summarizes the present day knowledge on geothermal resources, their exploration and exploitation. Accounts of geothermal resource models, various exploration techniques, drilling and production technology are discussed within 9 chapters, as well as important concepts and current technological developments. Interdisciplinary approach, combining traditional disciplines such as geology, geophysics, and engineering Provides a readable and coherent account of all facets of geothermal energy development Describes the importance of bringing potable water to high-demand areas such as the tropical regions

Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.