When Frederick Weyerhaeuser and his midwestern associates purchased 900,000 acres of western Washington timberland from the Northern Pacific Railway Company in 1900, the initial question was, who would manage the property? Recommended as a valued employee by one of the associates, George S. Long (1853-1930) was hired by Weyerhaeuser on a trial basis. The sheer breadth of Long's responsibility was amazing. Not only was this the largest such purchase in American history, but for the investors that amounted to a giant leap in the dark. They knew next to nothing about the details of their ownership, and Douglas-fir was an unfamiliar species. And where were the markets? Long's first job was to get acquainted with the land, the people, and forestry methods. He soon realized that diplomatic skills would be far more useful in the beginning than would expertise in lumber. The Weyerhaeuser Timber Company was not initially involved in manufacturing, but by the end of Long's career, modern Weyerhaeuser mills were in operation at Everett, Longview, and Snoqualmie Falls in western Washington, and at Klamath Falls, Oregon. Each was a self-sufficient, integrated unit, with enough timber in reserve to maintain operations for a significant period, even without reforestation. But the possibility of reforestation fueled Long's imagination. He recognized that the challenge was to maximize the Pacific Northwest's huge forest-growth capacity - a challenge that continues to this day. Appointed at a time when Frederick Weyerhaeuser was still clearly in charge, Long quickly earned his trust. In a few brief years he had become indispensable. In the Pacific Northwest he was not only "Mr. Weyerhaeuser" but the oneto whom others in the industry looked for leadership. Under his aegis, the Washington Forest Fire Association came into being, soon to be followed by the Western Forestry and Conservation Association. And in the 1920s he led in creating the West Coast Lumbermen's Association. Charles Twining traces Long's life from his childhood in Indiana and experience with the hardwood lumber business through his decades as a major figure in the Northwest lumber industry. In researching this book, Twining had access to the Weyerhaeuser Company Archives, including all of George S. Long's correspondence over a period of almost thirty years. The book is based largely on primary sources.

A biography, based largely on primary sources, of George S. Long (1853-1930), the manager of the 900,000 acres of western Washington timberland purchased by Weyerhauser from the Northern Pacific Railway in 1900. Under his aegis, the Washington Forest Fire Association came into being, followed by the Western Forestry and Conservation Association. An

Scott Prudham investigates a region that has in recent years seen more environmental conflict than perhaps anywhere else in the country--the old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest. Prudham employs a political economic approach to explain the social and economic conflicts arising from the timber industry's presence in the region. As well, he provides a thorough accounting of the timber industry itself, tracing its motivations, practices, and labor relations.

Scientists have developed a featherless chicken designed to make industrial chicken production more efficient, while specially trained Pacific bottlenose dolphins are being deployed in the Persian Gulf to disarm mines and protect our Navy. Everyone knows Darwin's theory of natural selection, but what about his idea of artificial selection--how humans, not nature, rework natural organisms to meet our needs? Industrializing Organisms brings us to the threshold of the new field of evolutionary history--from the mobilization of war horses in the 19th century to today's engineered plants and manipulated animals.

The economic and cultural roots of contemporary American business can be traced directly to developments in the era between the Civil War and World War I. The physical expansion of the country combined with development of transportation and communication infrastructures to create a free market of vast proportion and businesses capable of capitalizing on the accompanying economies of scale, through higher productivity, lower costs, and broader distribution. The Birth of Big Business in the United States illuminates the conditions that changed the face of American business and the national economy, giving rise to such titans as Standard Oil, United States Steel, American Tobacco, and Sears, Roebuck, as well as institutions such as the United States Post Office. During this period, commercial banking and law also evolved, and, as the authors argue, business and government were not antagonists but partners in creating mass consumer markets, process innovations, and regulatory frameworks to support economic growth. The Birth of Big Business in the United States is not only an incisive account of modern business development but a fascinating glimpse into a dynamic period of American history.

Frederick King Weyerhaeuser, eldest male of the Weyerhaeuser lumbering family's third generation, may not have matched his grandfather Frederick in fame or power, but among the progeny none was more widely known and respected -- and, within the family, loved -- than he was. How his talents and dedication helped make the Weyerhaeuser name synonymous with the lumbering industry and the clan one of the closest knit in the country is the book's focus.