States must develop new approaches, maritime policies, strategies and tactics to cruise through the contemporary maritime politics. Soft power, as well as economic, commercial, and logistics factors are of critical importance in establishing marine power. It is critical to promote maritime-related products such as films, serials, literature and art, maritime journalism, and maritime photography as part of governmental policies. Marine and maritime security challenges are becoming more important in today’s world. As a result of all these developments, the preparation of a multidimensional and comprehensive work on the oceans and seas at the global level has been brought to the agenda. Our book has been written to elucidate these concerns and contribute to this important scholarly and policy field. This book can also be useful for wider audiences as a comprehensive volume on maritime geopolitics covering many cases from around the world and discussions from Turkish perspectives. CONTENTS PREFACE PART 1. ANTARCTIC AND ARCTIC MARITIME SECURITY INTERACTION WITHIN LIBERALISM, REALISIM AND CRITICAL THEORIES – Burak Şakir Şeker and Hasret Çomak Global Geopolitical Shift: Balance of Power in The Arctic – Ferdi Güçyetmez BALTIC STATES AND ARCTIC NEGOTIATIONS – Öncel Sençerman UNDERSTANDING THE ANTARCTIC BIODIVERSITY AND TURKISH CONTRIBUTION TO ITS PROTECTION – Bayram Öztürk and Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı PART 2. INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEAN GEOPOLITICS SECURITIZATION PROCESS OF INDO-PACIFIC AND ASIA-PACIFIC THROUGH IR THEORIES WITHIN MARITIME SECURITY INTERACTION – Burak Şakir Şeker THE GEOPOLITICS OF INDO PACIFIC REGION – İnci Sökmen Alaca ASEAN AND ITS ROLE IN THE GEOPOLITICS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC – Ahmet Ateş and Süleyman Temiz REGIONAL CHALLENGES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE COMPLEX REALITIES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC GEOPOLITICS – Amba Pande THE WIDER NORTH AND THE NEW GEOPOLITICS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC: CRYOPOLITICS – Ebru Caymaz and Fahri Erenel PART 3. MARITIME POLICIES OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ACTORS THE AFRICAN UNION’S MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY AND ITS IMPACT ON CONTINENTAL PEACE AND STABILITY – Asena Boztaş and Huriye Yıldırım Çınar CONTEMPORARY GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE ATLANTIC: ACTORS, ISSUES, AND COOPERATION – Ahmet Ateş THE GEOPOLITICAL SCENARIOS OF THE “QUAD” COUNTRIES, THE UNITED STATES, JAPAN, AUSTRALIA AND INDIA – Duygu Çağla Bayram RUSSIAN NAVAL DOCTRINE AND RUSSIAN NAVY MODERNIZATION – Ahmet Sapmaz THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CASPIAN SEA FOR REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ACTORS – Volkan Tatar MEDITERRANEAN GEOPOLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL BALANCE – Hüseyin Çelik EXISTING AND PROSPECTIVE CENTRAL PARADIGMS OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ENERGY GEOPOLITICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: DO / WILL ALL THE RELATED PARTIES SEEK FOR COLLABORATIONS OR CONFRONTATIONS? – Sina Kısacık TURKEY’S INTEGRATION OF ITS MIDDLE EAST – EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (ME-EM/MEM) AND CYPRUS (MEM-C) STRATEGIES IN ITS FOREIGN POLICY – Soyalp Tamçelik THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER AND TURKEY’S STRUGGLE IN THE BLUE HOMELAND – Doğan Şafak Polat THE GEOPOLITICAL REALITY OF THE ISLAND SEA – Hüseyin Çelik PART 4. MARITIME COMMERCE, ECONOMICS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT A SHORT HISTORY OF MARITIME TRADE – Haldun Aydıngün AUTOMATION AND CYBERSECURITY IN MARITIME COMMERCE – Alaettin Sevim GEOSTRATEGIC AND GEOPOLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING MARITIME ECONOMICS – Murat Koray MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING FOR GLOBAL COMMONS – Dinçer Bayer BLUE ECONOMY AND BLUE GROWTH FORA: A PRELUDE – İ. Melih Baş

This report contains the results from a research project aimed at identifying new capabilities for the future Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN). With the type of naval operations and tasks for the period up to 2030-35 largely enduring, the current "regional power projection" profile of the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN) must be strengthened and renewed. We envisage the core of the future naval force to remain a versatile mix of surface and sub-surface combatants, shipborne helicopters and unmanned systems for intelligence purposes and extended force projection, modern amphibious forces and long-range land attack capability to counter Anti-Access and Area Denial (A2AD) threats. All main vessels should be ocean-going, able to navigate the main operating theaters in the European seas and the Carib under all conditions. But even while we expect that naval operations and tasks, as well as the overall force profile of the RNLN, will evolve rather than drastically change, the RNLN must substantially innovate — but not beyond recognition — its personnel, materiel, doctrines and processes, organization and structures.

States must develop new approaches, maritime policies, strategies and tactics to cruise through the contemporary maritime politics. Soft power, as well as economic, commercial, and logistics factors are of critical importance in establishing marine power. It is critical to promote maritime-related products such as films, serials, literature and art, maritime journalism, and maritime photography as part of governmental policies. Marine and maritime security challenges are becoming more important in today's world. As a result of all these developments, the preparation of a multidimensional and comprehensive work on the oceans and seas at the global level has been brought to the agenda. Our book has been written to elucidate these concerns and contribute to this important scholarly and policy field. This book can also be useful for wider audiences as a comprehensive volume on maritime geopolitics covering many cases from around the world and discussions from Turkish perspectives. CONTENTS PREFACE PART 1. ANTARCTIC AND ARCTIC MARITIME SECURITY INTERACTION WITHIN LIBERALISM, REALISIM AND CRITICAL THEORIES - Burak Şakir Şeker and Hasret Çomak Global Geopolitical Shift: Balance of Power in The Arctic - Ferdi Güçyetmez BALTIC STATES AND ARCTIC NEGOTIATIONS - Öncel Sençerman UNDERSTANDING THE ANTARCTIC BIODIVERSITY AND TURKISH CONTRIBUTION TO ITS PROTECTION - Bayram Öztürk and Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı PART 2. INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEAN GEOPOLITICS SECURITIZATION PROCESS OF INDO-PACIFIC AND ASIA-PACIFIC THROUGH IR THEORIES WITHIN MARITIME SECURITY INTERACTION - Burak Şakir Şeker THE GEOPOLITICS OF INDO PACIFIC REGION - İnci Sökmen Alaca ASEAN AND ITS ROLE IN THE GEOPOLITICS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC - Ahmet Ateş and Süleyman Temiz REGIONAL CHALLENGES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE COMPLEX REALITIES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC GEOPOLITICS - Amba Pande THE WIDER NORTH AND THE NEW GEOPOLITICS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC: CRYOPOLITICS - Ebru Caymaz and Fahri Erenel PART 3. MARITIME POLICIES OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ACTORS THE AFRICAN UNION'S MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY AND ITS IMPACT ON CONTINENTAL PEACE AND STABILITY - Asena Boztaş and Huriye Yıldırım Çınar CONTEMPORARY GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE ATLANTIC: ACTORS, ISSUES, AND COOPERATION - Ahmet Ateş THE GEOPOLITICAL SCENARIOS OF THE "QUAD" COUNTRIES, THE UNITED STATES, JAPAN, AUSTRALIA AND INDIA - Duygu Çağla Bayram RUSSIAN NAVAL DOCTRINE AND RUSSIAN NAVY MODERNIZATION - Ahmet Sapmaz THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CASPIAN SEA FOR REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ACTORS - Volkan Tatar MEDITERRANEAN GEOPOLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL BALANCE - Hüseyin Çelik EXISTING AND PROSPECTIVE CENTRAL PARADIGMS OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ENERGY GEOPOLITICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: DO / WILL ALL THE RELATED PARTIES SEEK FOR COLLABORATIONS OR CONFRONTATIONS? - Sina Kısacık TURKEY'S INTEGRATION OF ITS MIDDLE EAST - EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (ME-EM/MEM) AND CYPRUS (MEM-C) STRATEGIES IN ITS FOREIGN POLICY - Soyalp Tamçelik THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER AND TURKEY'S STRUGGLE IN THE BLUE HOMELAND - Doğan Şafak Polat THE GEOPOLITICAL REALITY OF THE ISLAND SEA - Hüseyin Çelik PART 4. MARITIME COMMERCE, ECONOMICS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT A SHORT HISTORY OF MARITIME TRADE - Haldun Aydıngün AUTOMATION AND CYBERSECURITY IN MARITIME COMMERCE - Alaettin Sevim GEOSTRATEGIC AND GEOPOLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING MARITIME ECONOMICS - Murat Koray MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING FOR GLOBAL COMMONS - Dinçer Bayer BLUE ECONOMY AND BLUE GROWTH FORA: A PRELUDE - İ. Melih Baş

In the twenty-first century, the Indo-Pacific, which spans from the western Pacific Ocean to the western Indian Ocean along the eastern coast of Africa, has emerged as a crucial geostrategic region for trade, investment, energy supplies, cooperation, and competition. It presents complex maritime security challenges and interlocking economic interests that require the development of an overarching multilateral security framework. This volume develops common approaches by focusing on geopolitical challenges, transnational security concerns, and multilateral institution-building and cooperation. The chapters, written by a cross-section of practitioners, diplomats, policymakers, and scholars from the three major powers discussed (United States, China, India) explain the opportunities and risks in the Indo-Pacific region and identify specific naval measures needed to enhance maritime security in the region. Maritime Security in the Indo-Pacific opens by introducing the Indo-Pacific and outlining the roles of China, India, and the United States in various maritime issues in the region. It then focuses on the security challenges presented by maritime disputes, naval engagement, legal issues, sea lanes of communication, energy transport, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, as well as by nontraditional threats, such as piracy, terrorism, and weapons proliferation. It compares and contrasts the roles and perspectives of the key maritime powers, analyzing the need for multilateral cooperation to overcome the traditional and nontraditional challenges and security dilemma. This shows that, in spite of their different interests, capabilities, and priorities, Washington, Beijing and New Delhi can and do engage in cooperation to deal with transnational security challenges. Lastly, the book describes how to promote maritime cooperation by establishing or strengthening multilateral mechanisms and measures that would reduce the prospects for conflict in the Indo-Pacific region.

This book conducts a comprehensive study on China's maritime strategy. It discusses the lessons of maritime power history that must be learnt by Chinese today, the relations between China's maritime strategy and domestic developing problems of China, the status and influence of maritime strategy from China's overall development strategy perspective, and the geopolitical targets of Chinese navy in 2050.China's maritime strategy is one of the most important academic and realistic subjects in the present and future. This book is the first book to discuss China's maritime strategy comprehensively in and outside China. It will give readers a better sense of why China has to develop its sea power, why it lays so much emphasis on Taiwan and the South China sea, why the country can make friends with India but not Japan, and why China's maritime strategy will never challenge America but has to face the pressure from America's maritime hegemony, and so on.

Scholars and policy makers have traditionally viewed portions of the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific as separate and discrete political, economic, and military regions. In recent years, however, a variety of economic, political, and military forces have made many within the academic community, as well as a growing number of national governmental leaders, change their perceptions and recognize that these maritime expanses are one zone of global interaction. Consequently, political, military, and economic developments in one maritime region increasingly have an impact elsewhere. Analyzing and assessing the contemporary maritime challenges in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, this valuable study highlights the current prospects for peace and security in what is rapidly becoming recognized as an integrated and interactive political, military-strategic, and economic environment. This work will be of interest to researchers and policy makers involved in regional studies, as well as security studies, conflict resolution, military, and peace studies.