Scientific Study from the year 2024 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, language: English, abstract: The most energetic phenomena in the heliosphere are known to be coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which acquire their energy from the Sun's strained magnetic fields. Coronal Mass Ejections disrupt the flow of the solar wind and produce disturbances that strike the Earth with sometimes catastrophic results. Coronal mass ejections are often associated with solar flares and prominence eruptions but they can also occur in the absence of either of these processes. The frequency of CMEs varies with the sunspot cycle. At solar minimum we observe about one CME a week. Near solar maximum we observe an average of 2 to 3 CMEs per day. We have studied different characteristics of coronal mass ejection based on the observation form Large Angel and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on board of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) space craft during the period 1996 -2006. It is noteworthy that the rate of occurrence of Class B CMEs is more than class A CME's. The occurrence spectrum of both classes of CMEs follows the trend of the phase of solar cycle and maximum number both types CME's seems to be occurred during maximum solar activity. It is also observed that the maximum number of class A, Class B CMEs have speed range 0-500 km/sec. We have observed that maximum number of Class A, Class B CME's occurred in apparent angular width range 00-900. It is also found that the maximum number of class A and class B CME's have occurred when the position angle ranges in 50-1000 and 2500-3000 respectively.

This volume is dedicated to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which was launched 11 February 2010. The articles focus on the spacecraft and its instruments: the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). Articles within also describe calibration results and data processing pipelines that are critical to understanding the data and products, concluding with a description of the successful Education and Public Outreach activities. This book is geared towards anyone interested in using the unprecedented data from SDO, whether for fundamental heliophysics research, space weather modeling and forecasting, or educational purposes. Previously published in Solar Physics journal, Vol. 275/1-2, 2012. Selected articles in this book are published open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license at link.springer.com. For further details, please see the license information in the chapters.

The book introduces the solar coronal mass ejection phenomena. This includes both those observed in the corona and those further from the Sun, known as interplanetary coronal mass ejections. We discuss the history and physics behind these phenomena, theories describing their launch and evolution, association with other solar eruptive phenomena, and methods employed for their detection and scientific data extraction. Instruments used for their study (past, present and future) are also discussed, along with their resulting space weather effects on Earth and other planets. The latter requires a description of the Earth’s magnetosphere, which is also included. Coronal Mass Ejections brings together solar physics, heliospheric physics, and magnetospheric physics, three traditionally separate fields of study. The content is accessible to beginning graduate students who are trying to master difficult fundamental concepts.

Proceedings of the IAU Symposium on Coronal and Stellar Mass Ejections.

Space weather has attracted a lot of attention in recent times. Severe space weather can disrupt spacecraft, and on Earth can be the cause of power outages and power station failure. It also presents a radiation hazard for airline passengers and astronauts. These “magnetic storms” are most commonly caused by coronal mass ejections, or CMES, which are large eruptions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun that can reach speeds of several thousand km/s. In this SpringerBrief, Space Weather and Coronal Mass Ejections, author Timothy Howard briefly introduces the coronal mass ejection, its scientific importance, and its relevance to space weather at Earth and other planets. This title focuses on the latest advances in CME observation and modeling, including new results from the NASA STEREO and SDO missions. It also includes topical issues regarding space weather and the most recent observations and anecdotal examples of the impacts of space weather and CMEs.

Proceedings of the IAU Symposium on Coronal and Stellar Mass Ejections.

A thorough introduction to solar physics based on recent spacecraft observations. The author introduces the solar corona and sets it in the context of basic plasma physics before moving on to discuss plasma instabilities and plasma heating processes. The latest results on coronal heating and radiation are presented. Spectacular phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections are described in detail, together with their potential effects on the Earth.