The kiratas janapadas, kingdoms, principalities, urban culture, subjugation by the contemporary rulers, dynastic rule in northern India and Nepal, based on a large number of rare sources have received extensive and deep attention in a subtle and penetrating way. The author has brought to light several valuable facets relating. The work is based on interdisciplinary research. The author has critically examined the relevance of historical, anthropological and linguistic data. The work is of immense academic value not only for historians but also for anthropologists and linguists.