This book focuses on exploring the relationship between spin-outs from incumbents and the patterns of innovation in general purpose technology. Do spin-outs really promote innovation? What happens if star scientists leave the incumbents and establish a startup to target untapped markets? Entrepreneurial spin-outs have been recognized as an engine of innovation. General purpose technology, such as the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution, has been considered an engine of growth. This book provides new perspectives on how entrepreneurial spin-outs shape the patterns of innovation in general purpose technology by integrating theoretical findings in industrial organizations and includes innovation studies and detailed evidence from a longitudinal case study. Concretely, by longitudinally exploring the technological development of laser diodes in the USA and Japan, this study examines how the existence or absence of an entrepreneurial strategic choice for spin-outs influences the patterns of subsequent technological development. The longitudinal analysis in this book shows that spin-outs could hinder the subsequent development of existing technology when that technology is still at a nascent level, because the cumulative effects of technological development could disappear if research and development personnel leave their parent firms in order to target different sub-markets. The findings of this book show that institutional settings designed to promote spin-outs do not necessarily promote innovation. The book offers novel theoretical insights into the relationship between institutions promoting spin-outs and the developments of general purpose technology.

This book offers an analysis of the dynamics of the global medical device (medtech) industry from the 1960s until the present, using the approaches of business history and industry studies. While most of the publications in the corresponding field have focused on particular countries/regions or actors, this research is unique in its scope. First, it explores the formation and development of medtech business both globally and in the major countries engaged in this industry (the United States, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, France, and China). Second, it tackles a broad range of actors and organizations, from individual entrepreneurs, medical doctors, and engineers to small family firms, start-ups, and large multinationals, as well as universities and research centers. Hence, for the first time, this book both provides a general understanding of the formation and transformation of the medtech industry throughout the world and sheds light on the main features of a fast-growing business in the twenty-first century. This book will be of value to historians, industry professionals, and analysts.

Second Generation Cell and Gene-Based Therapies: Biological Advances, Clinical Outcomes, and Strategies for Capitalisation serves as the only volume to the market to bridge basic science, clinical therapy, technology development, and business in the field of cellular therapy/cytotherapy. After more than two decades of painstaking fundamental research, the concept of therapeutic cells (stem cells, genes, etc.), beyond the concept of vaccines, is reaching clinical trial, with mounting confidence in the safety and efficacy of these products. Nonetheless, numerous incremental technical advances remain to be achieved. Thus, this volume highlights the possible R&D paths, which will ultimately facilitate clinical delivery of cutting edge curative products.The next waves of innovation are reviewed in depth for hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tissue engineering, CAR-T cells, and cells of the immune system, as well as for enabling technologies such as gene and genome editing. Additionally, deep dives in product fundamentals, history of science, pathobiology of diseases, scientific and technological bases, and financing and technology adoption constraints are taken to unravel what will shape the cytotherapy industry to the horizon 2025 and beyond. The outcome is not simply a scientific book, but a global perspective on the nascent field combining science, business, and strategic fundamentals. - Helps readers learn about the most current trends in cell-based therapy, their overall effectiveness from a clinical prospective, and how the industry is moving therapies forward for capitalization - "Perspectives" section at the end of each chapter summarizes key learnings, hypotheses, and objectives highlighted and combines scientific and business insights - Edited and authored by scientists representing both basic and clinical research and industry, presenting a complete story of the current state and future promise of cellular therapies

Among the many books on why some nations prosper better than others, this is the first such focusing this theme on Japan in many years. And it is the first in English to show how a revival of Japan's past entrepreneurship will promote broader economic recovery, and written in a lively style, this book will appeal to laypersons, scholars, businesspeople, and policymakers alike. Adding to the appeal is that the book demonstrates how current trends give Japan its best opportunity for recovery in a generation. At the same time, its discussion of the forces opposing an entrepreneurial revival adds both realism and drama. There truly is a contest of forces for control of Japan's economic future. On top of that, the book will attract those interested in broader themes ranging from generational attitudes and gender relations to culture and technology.

This book tackles the different aspects of the creation and transmission of knowledge in the context of the characteristics of a general purpose technology. Nanotechnology is investigated as showcase example. Particular emphasis is put on the role of the composition of knowledge as well as the corresponding knowledge spillovers on the one hand and on the concrete impact of collaboration and knowledge sharing in innovator networks on the other hand.