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This practical handbook is designed to give students and inexperienced public servants a fundamental understanding of the array of highly technical urban services provided by city and country governments. In clear, non-technical language, it provides a concise overview of 16 core local government services in four functional areas.

Increasing urbanization and the growth of private-car commuting, coupled with an increase inroad freight, have placed excessive demands on many urban road systems. Orbital motorways provide an effective solution by removing through traffic and releasing road space for local journeys. This book reviews the strategies adopted to address these issues by a variety of authorities in the UK, France, the USA and South Africa.