Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data
Title | Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data PDF eBook |
Author | Ata Can Bertay |
Publisher | International Monetary Fund |
Pages | 42 |
Release | 2020-07-03 |
Genre | Social Science |
ISBN | 1513546279 |
We study whether higher gender equality facilitates economic growth by enabling better allocation of a valuable resource: female labor. By allocating female labor to its more productive use, we hypothesize that reducing gender inequality should disproportionately benefit industries with typically higher female share in their employment relative to other industries. Specifically, we exploit within-country variation across industries to test whether those that typically employ more women grow relatively faster in countries with ex-ante lower gender inequality. The test allows us to identify the causal effect of gender inequality on industry growth in value-added and labor productivity. Our findings show that gender inequality affects real economic outcomes.
The Effects of Wealth and Gender Inequality on Economic Growth
Title | The Effects of Wealth and Gender Inequality on Economic Growth PDF eBook |
Author | David Kucera |
Publisher | |
Pages | 40 |
Release | 2002 |
Genre | Economic development |
ISBN |
Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey
Title | Links Between Growth, Inequality, and Poverty: A Survey PDF eBook |
Author | Ms. Valerie Cerra |
Publisher | International Monetary Fund |
Pages | 54 |
Release | 2021-03-12 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 1513572660 |
Is there a tradeoff between raising growth and reducing inequality and poverty? This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the complex links between growth, inequality, and poverty, with causation going in both directions. The evidence suggests that growth can be effective in reducing poverty, but its impact on inequality is ambiguous and depends on the underlying sources of growth. The impact of poverty and inequality on growth is likewise ambiguous, as several channels mediate the relationship. But most plausible mechanisms suggest that poverty and inequality reduce growth, at least in the long run. Policies play a role in shaping these relationships and those designed to improve equality of opportunity can simultaneously improve inclusiveness and growth.
Excerpt: Women, Work, and Economic Growth
Title | Excerpt: Women, Work, and Economic Growth PDF eBook |
Author | Ms.Kalpana Kochhar |
Publisher | International Monetary Fund |
Pages | 30 |
Release | 2016-09-09 |
Genre | Social Science |
ISBN | 1475535856 |
This paper analyzes various linkages and interconnections between gender inequality and the macroeconomy. The prevalence of gender inequality, particularly the presence of gender gaps in the labor force and in economic opportunities, can weigh on and impede inclusive growth. The precise nature of gender gaps varies, but in the majority of countries there are differences between men and women in decision-making power, economic participation, access to opportunities, and social norms and expectations. The analysis shows that gender gaps in pay and in access to resources, occupations, and credit, among other things, not only have negative microeconomic effects on women but also imply large costs for the aggregate economy. Differences in economic outcomes may be a consequence of unequal opportunities and enabling conditions for men and women and for boys and girls. Raising female participation could provide an important boost to growth, but women face two hurdles in participating in the workforce in Japan.
Women and Trade
Title | Women and Trade PDF eBook |
Author | World Bank;World Trade Organization |
Publisher | World Bank Publications |
Pages | 270 |
Release | 2020-09-04 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 1464815569 |
Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth
Title | Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth PDF eBook |
Author | Raquel Fernández |
Publisher | International Monetary Fund |
Pages | 50 |
Release | 2021-03-04 |
Genre | Social Science |
ISBN | 1513571168 |
This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.
China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality
Title | China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality PDF eBook |
Author | International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | International Monetary Fund |
Pages | 27 |
Release | 2021-05-11 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 1513573772 |
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.