Aimed at the beginner who has no prior knowledge of Arabic, this work begins with the first letter of the alphabet, and gradually builds up the learner's skills to a level where he or she would be able to read a passage of vocalised Arabic text. It also includes numerous copying exercises that enable students to develop a clear handwritten style.

The NIV is the world's best-selling modern translation, with over 150 million copies in print since its first full publication in 1978. This highly accurate and smooth-reading version of the Bible in modern English has the largest library of printed and electronic support material of any modern translation.

The cultural diversity of America is often summed up by way of a different metaphors: Melting Pot, Patchwork, Quilt, Mosaic--none of which capture the symbiotics of the city. Few neighborhoods personify the diversity these terms connote more than New York City's Lower East Side. This storied urban landscape, today a vibrant mix of avant garde artists and street culture, was home, in the 1910s, to the Wobblies and served, forty years later, as an inspiration for Allen Ginsberg's epic Howl. More recently, it has launched the career of such bands as the B-52s and been the site of one of New York's worst urban riots. In this diverse neighborhood, immigrant groups from all over the world touched down on American soild for the first time and established roots that remain to this day: Chinese immigrants, Italians, and East European Jews at the turn of the century and Puerto Ricans in the 1950s. Over the last hundred years, older communities were transformed and new ones emerged. Chinatown and Little Italy, once solely immigrant centers, began to attract tourists. In the 1960s, radical young whites fled an expensive, bourgeois lifestyle for the urban wilderness of the Lower East Side. Throughout its long and complex history, the Lower East Side has thus come to represent both the compulsion to assimilate American culture, and the drive to rebel against it. Mario Maffi here presents us with a captivating picture of the Lower East Side from the unique perspective of an outsider. The product of a decade of research, Gateway to the Promised Land will appeal to cultural historians, urban, and American historians, and anyone concerned with the challenges America, as an increasingly multicultural society, faces.

Dealing with the latest information on polysaccharide gum research, particularly focused on gum Arabic, this book covers the production, identification, classification, and application of these important carbohydrate polymers. Written by leading experts, it will be an essential reference for researchers in industry and academia interested in the continued advances in this area.

The rise and fall of the Islamic scientific tradition, and the relationship of Islamic science to European science during the Renaissance. The Islamic scientific tradition has been described many times in accounts of Islamic civilization and general histories of science, with most authors tracing its beginnings to the appropriation of ideas from other ancient civilizations—the Greeks in particular. In this thought-provoking and original book, George Saliba argues that, contrary to the generally accepted view, the foundations of Islamic scientific thought were laid well before Greek sources were formally translated into Arabic in the ninth century. Drawing on an account by the tenth-century intellectual historian Ibn al-Naidm that is ignored by most modern scholars, Saliba suggests that early translations from mainly Persian and Greek sources outlining elementary scientific ideas for the use of government departments were the impetus for the development of the Islamic scientific tradition. He argues further that there was an organic relationship between the Islamic scientific thought that developed in the later centuries and the science that came into being in Europe during the Renaissance. Saliba outlines the conventional accounts of Islamic science, then discusses their shortcomings and proposes an alternate narrative. Using astronomy as a template for tracing the progress of science in Islamic civilization, Saliba demonstrates the originality of Islamic scientific thought. He details the innovations (including new mathematical tools) made by the Islamic astronomers from the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, and offers evidence that Copernicus could have known of and drawn on their work. Rather than viewing the rise and fall of Islamic science from the often-narrated perspectives of politics and religion, Saliba focuses on the scientific production itself and the complex social, economic, and intellectual conditions that made it possible.

Cover -- modern arabic poetry -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Translation and Transliteration -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 The Politics and Poetics of the Modern Arab World -- CHAPTER 2 From Iltizām to Metapoetry: ʻAbd al-Wahhāb al-Bayātī -- CHAPTER 3 From Iltizām to the Arab Uprising: Aḥmad ʻAbd al-Muʻṭī Ḥijāzī -- CHAPTER 4 From Militant Iltizām to Humanist: Maḥmūd Darwīsh -- Conclusion: The Poets and Their Vocation in the Modern World -- Appendix: Interview with Aḥmad ʻAbd al-Muʻṭī Ḥijāzī -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index