The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

There has been a remarkable difference in the research and development regarding gas turbine technology for transportation and power generation. The former remains substantially florid and unaltered with respect to the past as the superiority of air-breathing engines compared to other technologies is by far immense. On the other hand, the world of gas turbines (GTs) for power generation is indeed characterized by completely different scenarios in so far as new challenges are coming up in the latest energy trends, where both a reduction in the use of carbon-based fuels and the raising up of renewables are becoming more and more important factors. While being considered a key technology for base-load operations for many years, modern stationary gas turbines are in fact facing the challenge to balance electricity from variable renewables with that from flexible conventional power plants. The book intends in fact to provide an updated picture as well as a perspective view of some of the abovementioned issues that characterize GT technology in the two different applications: aircraft propulsion and stationary power generation. Therefore, the target audience for it involves design, analyst, materials and maintenance engineers. Also manufacturers, researchers and scientists will benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this volume. The book is organized into three main sections including 10 chapters overall: (i) Gas Turbine and Component Performance, (ii) Gas Turbine Combustion and (iii) Fault Detection in Systems and Materials.

Leadership in gas turbine technologies is of continuing importance as the value of gas turbine production is projected to grow substantially by 2030 and beyond. Power generation, aviation, and the oil and gas industries rely on advanced technologies for gas turbines. Market trends including world demographics, energy security and resilience, decarbonization, and customer profiles are rapidly changing and influencing the future of these industries and gas turbine technologies. Technology trends that define the technological environment in which gas turbine research and development will take place are also changing - including inexpensive, large scale computational capabilities, highly autonomous systems, additive manufacturing, and cybersecurity. It is important to evaluate how these changes influence the gas turbine industry and how to manage these changes moving forward. Advanced Technologies for Gas Turbines identifies high-priority opportunities for improving and creating advanced technologies that can be introduced into the design and manufacture of gas turbines to enhance their performance. The goals of this report are to assess the 2030 gas turbine global landscape via analysis of global leadership, market trends, and technology trends that impact gas turbine applications, develop a prioritization process, define high-priority research goals, identify high-priority research areas and topics to achieve the specified goals, and direct future research. Findings and recommendations from this report are important in guiding research within the gas turbine industry and advancing electrical power generation, commercial and military aviation, and oil and gas production.

The German war machine resulted in many innovations in jet engine and gas turbine development. The most noteworthy was the Me262, the world's first operational jet fighting aircraft.

There has been a remarkable difference in the research and development regarding gas turbine technology for transportation and power generation. The former remains substantially florid and unaltered with respect to the past as the superiority of air-breathing engines compared to other technologies is by far immense. On the other hand, the world of gas turbines (GTs) for power generation is indeed characterized by completely different scenarios in so far as new challenges are coming up in the latest energy trends, where both a reduction in the use of carbon-based fuels and the raising up of renewables are becoming more and more important factors. While being considered a key technology for base-load operations for many years, modern stationary gas turbines are in fact facing the challenge to balance electricity from variable renewables with that from flexible conventional power plants. The book intends in fact to provide an updated picture as well as a perspective view of some of the abovementioned issues that characterize GT technology in the two different applications: aircraft propulsion and stationary power generation. Therefore, the target audience for it involves design, analyst, materials and maintenance engineers. Also manufacturers, researchers and scientists will benefit from the timely and accurate information provided in this volume. The book is organized into three main sections including 10 chapters overall: (i) Gas Turbine and Component Performance, (ii) Gas Turbine Combustion and (iii) Fault Detection in Systems and Materials.