Recent changes to aircraft approach and departure procedures enabled by more precise navigation technologies have created noise concentration problems for communities beneath flight tracks. There may be opportunities to reduce community noise impacts under these concentrated flight tracks through advanced operational approach and departure procedures and advanced aircraft technologies. A modeling method to assess their impacts must consider the contributions of aircraft engine and airframe noise sources as they vary with the position, thrust, velocity, and configuration of the aircraft during the flight procedure. The objective is to develop an analysis method to design, model, and assess the community noise reduction possibilities of advanced operational flight procedures performed by conventional aircraft and advanced procedures enabled by future aircraft concepts. An integrated analysis framework is developed that combines flight dynamics and noise source models to determine the community noise impacts of aircraft performing advanced operational approach and departure procedures. Aircraft noise due to the airframe and engine is modeled using an aircraft source noise module as each noise component varies throughout the flight procedure and requires internal engine performance states, the flight profile, and aircraft geometry. An aircraft performance module is used to obtain engine internal performance states and aircraft flight performance given the aircraft technology level. A force-balance-kinematics flight profile generation module converts the flight procedure definition into altitude, position, velocity, configuration, and thrust profiles given flight performance on a segment-by-segment basis. The system generates single-event surface noise grids that are combined with population census data to estimate population noise exposure for a given aircraft technology level and procedure. The framework was demonstrated for both advanced approach and departure procedures and advanced aircraft technologies. The advanced procedure concepts include modified speed and thrust departures as well as continuous descent, steep, and delayed deceleration approaches for conventional aircraft. The ability to model advanced aircraft technologies was demonstrated in the evaluation of using windmilling drag by hybrid electric aircraft on approach to allow the performance of steep and delayed deceleration approaches for noise reduction beyond the performance capability of standard gas-turbine aircraft.

This open access book provides a view into the state-of-the-art research on aviation noise and related annoyance. The book will primarily focus on the achievements of the ANIMA project (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches), but not exclusively. The content has a broader theme in order to encompass. regulation issues, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) balanced approach, progresses made on technologies and reduction of noise at source, impact of possible future civil supersonic aircraft, land-use planning issues, as well as the core topics of the ANIMA project, i.e. impact on human beings, annoyance, quality of life, health and findings of the project in this respect. This book differs from traditional research programmes on aviation noise as the authors endeavour, not to lower noise at source, but to reduce the annoyance. This book examines these non-acoustic factors in an effort to help those most affected by aviation noise – communities living close to airports, and also help airport managers, policy-makers, local authorities and researchers to deal with this issue holistically. The book concludes with some recommendations for EU, national and local policy-makers, airport and aviation authorities, and more broadly a scientifically literate audience. These recommendations may help to identify gaps for progress in terms of research but also genuine implementation actions for political and regulatory authorities.

This is the first focused and detailed textbook on acoustic virtual reality. Auralization is the creation of audible acoustic sceneries from computer-generated data. The term "auralization" is to be understood as being analogue to the well-known technique of "visualization". In visual illustration of scenes, data or any other meaningful information, in movie animation and in computer graphics, we describe the process of "making visible" as visualization. In acoustics, auralization is taking place when acoustic effects, primary sound signals or means of sound reinforcement or sound transmission, are processed to be presented by using electro-acoustic equipment. This book is organized as a comprehensive collection of basics, methodology and strategies of acoustic simulation and auralization.