The Sergeant Major of the Army and the Command Sergeant Major of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command asked RAND's Arroyo Center to undertake a research project entitled "Future Leader Development of Noncommissioned Officers," with the goal of identifying ways to strengthen and modernize the professional development of noncommissioned officers to meet future demands. As part of this effort, the Arroyo Center helped to organize and facilitate two workshops, attended by senior Army NCOs. One workshop focused on the current noncommissioned officer professional development system, identifying its strengths, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities. Subsequently, a second workshop built upon the output of the first and crafted a vision for the noncommissioned officer corps, including policy initiatives to strengthen leader development and options needing detailed assessment. This document summarizes the results of both conferences. It also explores the implications of the vision and sketches out some possible research approaches to address them.

This document reports recent efforts by RAND's Arroyo Center and the U.S. Army Noncommissioned Officer corps to examine ways of strengthening NCO professional development.

Summarizes discussions with over 450 Army officers (lieutenants through colonels) about leader development in Army units. These discussions revealed that the type and extent of leader development activities vary greatly across units, but that they are generally informal and most heavily influenced by the unit commander. The authors conclude with suggestions on how the Army school system can improve leader development.

Throughout history, training noncommissioned officers of the United States Army had been accomplished using on-the-job training (OJT) in the unit, and many believed that is where it should stay. Training noncommissioned officers was conducted by officers in the regiment and was the commanding officer's responsibility. It was accepted that unit training was the best means of developing noncommissioned officers and potential noncommissioned officers. It was not until the post-World War II era that NCO training was conducted outside the unit at specially designed schools and academies. The first Sergeant Major of the Army, William O. Wooldridge, noted that in those days a soldier had to provide for his own education and training. "I went to night school. There were no requirements to attend school if you didn't want to. Now you must get training, or you don't get promoted."