In Victorian times, England was famously dubbed the land without music - but one of the great musical discoveries of the early twentieth century was that England had a vital heritage of folk song and music which was easily good enough to stand comparison with those of other parts of Britain and overseas. Cecil Sharp, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Percy Grainger, and a number of other enthusiasts gathered a huge harvest of songs and tunes which we can study and enjoy at our leisure. But after over a century of collection and discussion, publication and performance, there are still many things we don't know about traditional song - Where did the songs come from? Who sang them, where, when and why? What part did singing play in the lives of the communities in which the songs thrived? More importantly, have the pioneer collectors' restricted definitions and narrow focus hindered or helped our understanding? This is the first book for many years to investigate the wider social history of traditional song in England, and draws on a wide range of sources to answer these questions and many more.

This ground-breaking book is the first-ever study of the role played in musical history by song collectors.This is the first-ever book about song collectors, music''s unsung heroes. They include the Armenian priest who sacrificed his life to preserve the folk music which the Turks were trying to erase in the 1915 Genocide; the prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who secretly noted down the songs of doomed Jewish inmates; the British singer who went veiled into Afghanistan to learn, record and perform the music the Taliban wanted to silence. Some collectors have been fired by political idealism - Bartok championing Hungarian peasant music, the Lomaxes bringing the blues out of Mississippi penitentiaries, and transmitting them to the world. Many collectors have been priests - French Jesuits noting down labyrinthine forms in eighteenth-century Beijing, English vicars tracking songs in nineteenth-century Somerset. Others have been wonderfully colourful oddballs.Today''s collectors are striving heroically to preserve endangered musics, whether rare forms of Balinese gamelan, the wind-band music of Chinese villages, or the sophisticated polyphony of Central African Pygmies. With globalisation, urbanisation and Westernisation causing an irreversible erosion of the world''s musical diversity, Michael Church suggests we may be seeing folk music''s ''end of history''. Old forms are dying as the conditions for their survival - or replacement - disappear; the death of villages means the death of village musical culture.This ground-breaking book is the sequel to the author''s award-winning The Other Classical Musics, and it concludes with an inventory of the musics now under threat, or already lost for ever.rve endangered musics, whether rare forms of Balinese gamelan, the wind-band music of Chinese villages, or the sophisticated polyphony of Central African Pygmies. With globalisation, urbanisation and Westernisation causing an irreversible erosion of the world''s musical diversity, Michael Church suggests we may be seeing folk music''s ''end of history''. Old forms are dying as the conditions for their survival - or replacement - disappear; the death of villages means the death of village musical culture.This ground-breaking book is the sequel to the author''s award-winning The Other Classical Musics, and it concludes with an inventory of the musics now under threat, or already lost for ever.rve endangered musics, whether rare forms of Balinese gamelan, the wind-band music of Chinese villages, or the sophisticated polyphony of Central African Pygmies. With globalisation, urbanisation and Westernisation causing an irreversible erosion of the world''s musical diversity, Michael Church suggests we may be seeing folk music''s ''end of history''. Old forms are dying as the conditions for their survival - or replacement - disappear; the death of villages means the death of village musical culture.This ground-breaking book is the sequel to the author''s award-winning The Other Classical Musics, and it concludes with an inventory of the musics now under threat, or already lost for ever.rve endangered musics, whether rare forms of Balinese gamelan, the wind-band music of Chinese villages, or the sophisticated polyphony of Central African Pygmies. With globalisation, urbanisation and Westernisation causing an irreversible erosion of the world''s musical diversity, Michael Church suggests we may be seeing folk music''s ''end of history''. Old forms are dying as the conditions for their survival - or replacement - disappear; the death of villages means the death of village musical culture.This ground-breaking book is the sequel to the author''s award-winning The Other Classical Musics, and it concludes with an inventory of the musics now under threat, or already lost for ever.sic''s ''end of history''. Old forms are dying as the conditions for their survival - or replacement - disappear; the death of villages means the death of village musical culture.This ground-breaking book is the sequel to the author''s award-winning The Other Classical Musics, and it concludes with an inventory of the musics now under threat, or already lost for ever.

The only serious study of witchcraft and magic from 1736 to 1951. Brings together matters ranging from upper class spiritualism to rural witchcraft in an exciting and intellectually stimulating way. Essential reading for all social historians and all h. . . .

The symbolism and use of the number twelve in organizing ancient societies • Connects the zodiac, the twelve months of the year, and the political divisions of ancient nations • Explores the sacred geography of ancient landscapes in Europe and Israel Throughout the world--in countries as far apart as China, Ireland, Iceland, and Madagascar--there survive records and traditions of whole nations being divided into twelve tribes and twelve regions, each corresponding to one of the twelve signs of the zodiac and to one of the twelve months of the year. Best known are the twelve tribes of Israel under King Solomon, but there have been many others. Wherever they occur, they are associated with an ideal social order and a golden age of humanity. Exploring examples of these twelve-tribe societies, John Michell and Christine Rhone explain the blueprint for this organizational structure and look at the musical, mythological, and astronomical enchantments that kept these societies in harmony with the cosmos. They also examine the astrological landscapes of classical Greece, the aligned St. Michael sanctuaries of Europe, and the true site and function of the Temple in Jerusalem. They show that the sacred geography of these sites was part of an ancient code of knowledge that produced harmony between nature and humanity and is as relevant to our present and future as it was to our past.

Drawing on the long tradition of folklore study, Roger deV. Renwick examines three genres: traditional English folksongs, local songs of regional interest, and working-class poetry. In the span of time that extends from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, he finds govern world views underlying a large sampling of poems related by common language, imagery, or topic, and then shows how these world views relate to the everyday lives and beliefs of the poetry's makers and users. There is, in addition, a pattern of historical continuity that links the rural folksongs of the eighteenth century with the part-rural, part-urban local songs of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and with the fully urban working-class poetry of the present day. English Folk Poetry is an immensely important contribution to folklore scholarship in its examination of contemporary working-class poetry, in its approach to questions of tacit meaning, and in its exploration of the relationship of inferential meanings to real, everyday lives.