This book addresses some essential topics in the science of energy converting devices emphasizing recent aspects of nano-derived materials in the application for the protection of the environment, storage, and energy conversion. The aim, therefore, is to provide the basic background knowledge. The electron transfer process and structure of the electric double layer and the interaction of species with surfaces and the interaction, reinforced by DFT theory for the current and incoming generation of fuel cell scientists to study the interaction of the catalytic centers with their supports. The chief focus of the chapters is on materials based on precious and non-precious centers for the hydrogen electrode, the oxygen electrode, energy storage, and in remediation applications, where the common issue is the rate-determining step in multi-electron charge transfer processes in electrocatalysis. These approaches are used in a large extent in science and technology, so that each chapter demonstrates the connection of electrochemistry, in addition to chemistry, with different areas, namely, surface science, biochemistry, chemical engineering, and chemical physics.

This book will be about various aspects related to applications and use of knowledge of nanotechnology in promoting defense activities. The area in which scientists are focusing includes (i) nano-devices such as sensors, GPS & computers, chemical & biological weapons, nano-fabrics, bulletproof materials, nano-stealth coating, use of nanotechnology in various areas of aerospace. It is intended to cover available methodologies and understanding of technologies for these applications. Not only for destructive but also to improve medical and casualty, safety care for soldiers, and to produce lightweight, strong and multi-functional materials for use in body armour, both for protection and to provide enhanced connectivity will be covered.

NANOPARTICLES FOR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS The main goal of this book is to provide information on theranostic applications of various nanomaterials for different diseases with self-explanatory illustrations and fundamental descriptions of a plethora of properties of molecular traits. The author has written a fascinating book on research topics and fundamentals in the cross-disciplinary area of nanotechnology and bioscience in which she successfully fuses otherwise divergent research topics of this rapidly emerging area. The book deals with the use of nanomaterials for combatting various diseases and disorders of the human body. The three chapters of the first part of this book deal with the areas in which nanotechnology has contributed to nanomedicine. In the second part, different disorders like cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, genetic diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, eye, dentistry, bone, and cartilage-affecting diseases are discussed. In the chapters related to a disease or disorder of a particular organ, a basic brief introduction to them is given as well. Audience The book will be read by researchers, scientists, and graduate students in biotechnology, nanotechnology, materials science, and nanomedicine/biomedicine.

The scientific knowledge of nanoscience and nanotechnology is regarded to be a modern sciencethat evolved after Feynman’s concept was formulated in the 1950s. However, Faraday and other scientists in the 19th century showed the science behind the small and its relation to optical properties. And it is now accepted that knowledge of using nanoparticles prevailed during the medieval period as well. This book takes the readers on a fascinating journey writing the history of nanotechnology based on the evidence of existence from the prehistoric period right up to the contemporary times. Nature utilized nanotechnology during the origin and expansion of the universe and especially in the evolution of living beings on our planet. Early civilizations in different parts of globe fabricated and used materials without having perception of their actual size. This unique historical view systematically evaluates the development of various applications of nanotechnology through the ages and the science behind it. Some of the issues covered include: • How old is nanotechnology? • Pre-historic evidence of knowledge of nanotechnology • Nanotechnology in ancient India • Ayurvedic Bhasma as nanomedicine • Mayan’s knowledge of nanotechnology • Nanotechnology during the Roman empire and medieval period • European knowledge in the 19th century • Modern and contemporary history of nanotechnology This book is compilation of existence of scientific knowledge even of the people who existed before there were schools, universities and organized teaching. The author has scoured literature dating back to Mayan ... as well as historical observations A systematic evaluation of development of various applications of nanotechnology and the science behind it is presented in this book under following headings -How old is Nanotechnology -Pre-historic Evidence of Knowledge of Nanotechnology -Nanotechnology in Ancient India -Ayurvedic Bhasma as Nanomedicine, its use prevails even today -Mayan’s Knowledge of Nanotechnology -Nanotechnologists Flourished During Roman Empire and medieval period -European Nano knowledge That Led to Faraday Understands of Gold Nanoparticles -Contemporary History of Nanotechnology

Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.

Catalysts speed up a chemical reaction or allow for reactions to take place that would not otherwise occur. The chemical nature of a catalyst and its structure are crucial for interactions with reaction intermediates. An electrocatalyst is used in an electrochemical reaction, for example in a fuel cell to produce electricity. In this case, reaction rates are also dependent on the electrode potential and the structure of the electrical double-layer. This work provides a valuable overview of this rapidly developing field by focusing on the aspects that drive the research of today and tomorrow. Key topics are discussed by leading experts, making this book a must-have for many scientists of the field with backgrounds in different disciplines, including chemistry, physics, biochemistry, engineering as well as surface and materials science. This book is volume XIV in the series "Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering".