The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposia ¿Electron Transfer and Applications of Fullerene and Nanostructured Materials¿, ¿Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes¿, ¿Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures: Fundamental Properties and Processes¿, ¿Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures: Applications and Devices¿, ¿Energetics and Structure and Solid-State Physics¿, ¿Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures: Medicine and Biology¿, and ¿Porphyrins and Supramolecular Assemblies¿ held during the 213th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Phoenix, Arizona from May 18 to 23, 2008.

The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposia ¿Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes¿; ¿Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures: Fundamental Properties and Processes¿; ¿Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructures: Applications and Devices¿; and ¿Nanostructures for Energy Conversion¿, held during the 217th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Vancouver, Canada, from April 25 to 30, 2010.

This unique book provides an in-depth and systematic description of an integrated approach for innovative functionalized nanomaterials, interfaces, and sustainable supercapacitor fabrication platforms. The requirement for energy-storing devices that can handle the necessary power for modern day electronic systems and the miniaturization of electronic devices, has sparked the evolution of energy-storing devices in their most portable forms. Integration of mini- or micro-powering devices with tiny electronic devices has led to the simultaneous evolution of nanomaterials and, correspondingly, nanotechnology. The nanotechnology evolution has provided the control and ability to restructure matter at the atomic and molecular levels on a scale of l-100 nm. Nanotechnology primarily aims to create materials, devices, and systems that exhibit fundamentally new properties and functions. As such, nanotechnology and functionalized nanomaterials have proven to be the ultimate frontier in the production of novel materials that have manufacturing longevity and cost-efficiency. The integration of nanotechnology to produce functionalized nanomaterials and energy storage from electrochemical principles has established a new platform for science and technology. The integration of two technologies does not compromise their fundamentals and principles, but instead results in novel and high-performance supercapacitors. This book consists of 11 chapters that review state-of-the-art technologies detailing: the developments in flexible fabric-type energy storage devices as well as hybrid fabrics for energy storage and harvesting in flexible wearable electronics; the role of electrolytes in the development of sustainable supercapacitors and the performance optimizations associated with them; green supercapacitors as sustainable energy storage devices; the materials used in sustainable supercapacitors, such as novel transition metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, conductive polymers, and biomass-based, as well as their composites (binary and ternary); a discussion on the significance of material selection, emphasizing the properties and characteristics required for sustainable electrode materials; how supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, and electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLC) offer a more significant transient response, power density, low weight, low volume, and low internal resistance, making them suitable for several applications; how sustainable supercapacitors have steadily gained traction due to their potential for non-invasive health monitoring. Audience The book is ideal for a broad audience working in the fields of electrochemical sensors, analytical chemistry, chemistry and chemical engineering, materials science, nanotechnology, energy, environment, green chemistry, sustainability, electrical and electronic engineering, solid-state physics, surface science, device engineering and technology, etc. It will also be an invaluable reference source for libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups, and scientists working in supercapacitors.

Carbon nanotubes, with their extraordinary mechanical and unique electronic properties, have garnered much attention in the past five years. With a broad range of potential applications including nanoelectronics, composites, chemical sensors, biosensors, microscopy, nanoelectromechanical systems, and many more, the scientific community is more moti

This book provides a detailed description of metal-complex functionalized carbon allotrope forms, including classic (such as graphite), rare (such as M- or T-carbon), and nanoforms (such as carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, etc.). Filling a void in the nanotechnology literature, the book presents chapters generalizing the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of all known carbon allotropes. Metal-complex composites of carbons are described, along with several examples of their preparation and characterization, soluble metal-complex carbon composites, cost-benefit data, metal complexes as precursors of carbon allotropes, and applications. A lab manual on the synthesis and characterization of carbon allotropes and their metal-complex composites is included. Provides a complete description of all carbon allotropes, both classic and rare, as well as carbon nanostructures and their metal-complex composites; Contains a laboratory manual of experiments on the synthesis and characterization of metal-complex carbon composites; Discusses applications in diverse fields, such as catalysis on supporting materials, water treatment, sensors, drug delivery, and devices.

Bioremediation refers to the clean‐up of pollution in soil, groundwater, surface water, and air using typically microbiological processes. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade, transform or detoxify hazardous substances to human health or the environment. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products. As bioremediation can be effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and action, its application often involves the management of ecological factors to allow microbial growth and degradation to continue at a faster rate. Like other technologies, bioremediation has its limitations. Some contaminants, such as chlorinated organic or high aromatic hydrocarbons, are resistant to microbial attack. They are degraded either gradually or not at all, hence, it is not easy to envisage the rates of clean-up for bioremediation implementation. Bioremediation represents a field of great expansion due to the important development of new technologies. Among them, several decades on metagenomics expansion has led to the detection of autochthonous microbiota that plays a key role during transformation. Transcriptomic guides us to know the expression of key genes and proteomics allow the characterization of proteins that conduct specific reactions. In this book we show specific technologies applied in bioremediation of main interest for research in the field, with special attention on fungi, which have been poorly studied microorganisms. Finally, new approaches in the field, such as CRISPR-CAS9, are also discussed. Lastly, it introduces management strategies, such as bioremediation application for managing affected environment and bioremediation approaches. Examples of successful bioremediation applications are illustrated in radionuclide entrapment and retardation, soil stabilization and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, plastics or fluorinated compounds. Other emerging bioremediation methods include electro bioremediation, microbe-availed phytoremediation, genetic recombinant technologies in enhancing plants in accumulation of inorganic metals, and metalloids as well as degradation of organic pollutants, protein-metabolic engineering to increase bioremediation efficiency, including nanotechnology applications are also discussed.