Describes phenomenon. Suggested methods of control involve lowering freezing point of soil water or restricting water flow through soil to freezing front.

The results of a six-year field test program conducted near Fairbanks, AK, to investigate the reduction in frost heave obtained by applying a surcharge stress on the soil are presented. Seasonal heaves of 25-ft-square test sections with nominal surcharge loads of 2, 4, 6, and 8 psi were compared with heaves at adjacent unloaded sections. The test sections were on a silt soil in an area where permafrost existed at about a seven-ft depth. Results showed that only a small surcharge load was needed to cause significant reductions in heave. Data are included that indicate that heave reduction was achieved by minimizing groundwater migration. A method for correlating field and laboratory rate-of-heave data is suggested. (Author).

Plate tectonics - Earthquakes and volcanoes - Weathering and slopes - Glaciation - Coasts - Deserts - Weather and climate - Soils - Biogepgraphy - Population - Urbanisation - Farming and food supply - Rural land use - Energy resources - Manufacturing industries - Transport and interdependence - World development.

Volume 2 of the Handbook covers the geotechnical procedures used in manufacturing anchors and piles as well as for improving or underpinning foundations, securing existing constructions, controlling ground water, excavating rocks and earth works. It also treats such specialist areas as the use of geotextiles and seeding.