This report focuses on the indirect and direct effects of transfer programs. In particular, it shows how modelling results can be combined with information from standard household surveys to provide an integrated analysis of the direct distributional impact of such programs and the indirect distributional and efficiency impacts arising from domestic financing mechanisms. This approach reflects the view that any credible poverty alleviation strategy must have a credible financing strategy underlying it, and this need for domestic financing can have important consequences for both the level and the distribution of household incomes. To illustrate the approach, the report focuses on the recent introduction in Mexico of an innovative poverty alleviation transfer program called PROGRESA, which has been used as a prototype for similar programs that have recently been implemented in other developing countries.

While social protection programs have multiplied over the last two decades across sub-Saharan Africa, these co-exist alongside humanitarian assistance in many places, calling for better integration of assistance delivered through the two channels. Progress on this front is hampered by limited evidence of whether and how these historically siloed sectors can work together. Using quantitative and qualitative data from districts covered by Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) and where humanitarian food assistance (HFA) was delivered, we assess differences in targeting and transfer values. We find that PSNP and HFA were targeted to households with different characteristics. PSNP transfers did, on average, reach those households that were chronically food insecure. HFA, while delivered through PSNP systems, was targeted to households that were acutely vulnerable. These are promising findings as they suggest that social protection systems are able to effectively deliver a continuum of support in response to different types of vulnerability and risk. On transfer values, we find that the value of PSNP transfers is greater than those for HFA. One reason for this may be due to social pressure on local officials to distribute support more widely across a drought- affected population when faced with acute needs.

This monograph evolved over a period of nine years from a series of papers and presentations addressing the subject of passive vibration control of mechanical s- tems subjected to broadband, transient inputs. The unifying theme is Targeted - ergy Transfer – TET, which represents a new and unique approach to the passive control problem, in which a strongly nonlinear, fully passive, local attachment, the Nonlinear Energy Sink – NES, is employed to drastically alter the dynamics of the primary system to which it is attached. The intrinsic capacity of the properly - signed NES to promote rapid localization of externally applied (narrowband) - bration or (broadband) shock energy to itself, where it can be captured and dis- pated, provides a powerful strategy for vibration control and the opens the pos- bility for a wide range of applications of TET, such as, vibration and shock i- lation, passive energy harvesting, aeroelastic instability (?utter) suppression, se- mic mitigation, vortex shedding control, enhanced reliability designs (for ex- ple in power grids) and others. The monograph is intended to provide a thorough explanation of the analytical, computational and experimental methods needed to formulate and study TET in mechanical and structural systems. Several prac- cal engineering applications are examined in detail, and experimental veri?cation and validation of the theoretical predictions are provided as well. The authors also suggest a number of possible future applications where application of TET seems promising. The authors are indebted to a number of sponsoring agencies.

Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Targeting and Delivery of Drugs and Genes provides an overview of the important aspects of nanomedicine in order to illustrate how to design and develop novel and effective drug delivery systems using nanotechnology. The book is organized into three sections, beginning with an introduction to nanomedicine and its associated issues. Section two discusses the latest technologies in nanomedicine, while the third section covers future developments and challenges in the field. By focusing on the design, synthesis, and application of a variety of nanocarriers in drug and gene delivery, this book provides pharmaceutical and materials science students, professors, clinical researchers, and industry scientists with a valuable resource aimed at tackling the challenges of delivering drugs and genes in a more targeted manner. - Explores a wide range of promising approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases using the latest advances in cutting-edge nanomedical technologies - Contains contributions from world-renowned experts and researchers working in the area of nanomedicine and drug delivery - Covers the associated challenges and potential solutions to working with nanotechnology in drug delivery - Highlights crucial topics, such as biopharmaceutical and toxicity issues, quality by design, drug targeting, and more

Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.

Economic globalization requires data to be available globally. With most data stored in file systems, solutions to make this data globally available become more important. Files that are in file systems can be protected or shared by replicating these files to another file system that is in a remote location. The remote location might be just around the corner or in a different country. Therefore, the techniques that are used to protect and share files must account for long distances and slow and unreliable wide area network (WAN) connections. IBM® Spectrum Scale is a scalable clustered file system that can be used to store all kinds of unstructured data. It provides open data access by way of Network File System (NFS); Server Message Block (SMB); POSIX Object Storage APIs, such as S3 and OpenStack Swift; and the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for accessing and sharing data. The IBM Aspera® file transfer solution (IBM Aspera Sync) provides predictable and reliable data transfer across large distance for small and large files. The combination of both can be used for global sharing and protection of data. This IBM RedpaperTM publication describes how IBM Aspera Sync can be used to protect and share data that is stored in IBM SpectrumTM Scale file systems across large distances of several hundred to thousands of miles. We also explain the integration of IBM Aspera Sync with IBM Spectrum ScaleTM and differentiate it from solutions that are built into IBM Spectrum Scale for protection and sharing. We also describe different use cases for IBM Aspera Sync with IBM Spectrum Scale.

SONAR (sound navigation and ranging) systems have many similarities to RADAR and electro-optical systems. Again, detection is based on the propagation of waves between the target and detector. There are active sonar systems, where the wave propagates from the transmitter to the target and back to the receiver, analogous to pulse-echo radar. There are also passive sonar systems, where the target is the source of the energy which propagates to the receiver, analogous to passive infrared detection. Therefore, a great deal of what has been discussed about these systems will also apply to sonar. Sonar, however, differs fundamentally from radar and electro-optics because the energy is transferred by acoustics waves propagating in water. So we first begin by discussing the characteristics of acoustic waves.