In this radically new approach to text typology, Maria Nikolajeva examines the depiction of time in literature for children.

This book offers new critical approaches for the study of adaptations, abridgments, translations, parodies, and mash-ups that occur internationally in contemporary children's culture. It follows recent shifts in adaptation studies that call for a move beyond fidelity criticism, a paradigm that measures the success of an adaptation by the level of fidelity to the "original" text, toward a methodology that considers the adaptation to be always already in conversation with the adapted text. This book visits children's literature and culture in order to consider the generic, pedagogical, and ideological underpinnings that drive both the process and the product. Focusing on novels as well as folktales, films, graphic novels, and anime, the authors consider the challenges inherent in transforming the work of authors such as William Shakespeare, Charles Perrault, L.M. Montgomery, Laura Ingalls Wilder, and A.A. Milne into new forms that are palatable for later audiences particularly when--for perceived ideological or political reasons--the textual transformation is not only unavoidable but entirely necessary. Contributors consider the challenges inherent in transforming stories and characters from one type of text to another, across genres, languages, and time, offering a range of new models that will inform future scholarship.

Annual of The Modern Language Association Division on Children’s Literature and The Children’s Literature Association ARTICLES: Perry Nodelman Speculations on the Characteristics of Children’s Fiction; Roderick McGillis The Pleasure of the Process; Thomas Travisano Of Dialectic and Divided Consciousness; Margaret R. Higonnet A Pride of Pleasures; Perry Nodelman The Urge to Sameness; Kenneth Kidd Boyology in the Twentieth Century; Marilynn Olson Turn-of-the-Century Grotesque; Peter Hollindale Plain Speaking; Hamida Bosmajian Doris Orgel’s The Devil in Vienna; Joseph Stanton Maurice Sendak’s Urban Landscapes. VARIA: Andrea Immel James Pettit Andrews’s "Books" (1790); Penny Mahon "Things by Their Right Name"; Phyllis Bixler The Lion and the Lamb. IN MEMORIAM: R. H. W. Dillard In Memoriam: Francelia Butler, 1913–1998; John Cech In Mansfield Hollow: For Francelia; Eric Dawson Francelia’s Dream. REVIEWS: Anita Tarr "Still so much work to be done"; Gillian Adams A Fuzzy Genre; Kenneth Kidd Crosswriting the School Story; Raymond E. Jones A New Salvo in the Literary Battle of the Sexes; Stephen Canham From Wonderland to the Marketplace; Jan Susina Dealing with Victorian Fairies; Gregory Eiselein Reading a Feminist Romance; Anne K. Phillips The Wizard of Oz in the Twentieth Century; June Cummins "Where the Girls Are"—and Aren’t; Deborah Stevenson Letters from the Editor; Hamida Bosmajian Dangerous Images; Roberta Seelinger Trites The Transactional School of Children’s Literature Criticism. DISSERTATIONS OF NOTE: Mary Mayfield and Rachel Fordyce

This work provides students of children's literature with a comprehensible and easy-to-use analytical tool kit, showing through concrete demonstration how each tool might best be used to examine aesthetic rather than educational approaches to children's literature. Contemporary literary theories discussed include semiotics, hermeneutics, structuralism, narratology, psychoanalysis, reader-response, feminist, and postcolonial theory, each adjusted to suit the specifics of children's literature.

This book applies the techniques of semiotic analysis to a selection of short stories by Leonid Andreev in an attempt to offer one answer to the problems of categorizing Andreev's unique art and placing it within a literary-evolutionary perspective. Drawing on a range of literary theory from early Russian Formalism onwards, the study proceeds from one level to another according to a principle of 'degree of abstraction', so that each level constitutes firstly an independent account of Andreev's texts in itself, and secondly one stage in an overall analysis.

Beginning with Rudyard Kipling and Edith Nesbit and concluding with best-selling series still ongoing at the time of writing, this volume examines works of twentieth- and twenty-first-century children's literature that incorporate character types, settings, and narratives derived from the Greco-Roman past. Drawing on a cognitive poetics approach to reception studies, it argues that authors typically employ a limited and powerful set of spatial metaphors - palimpsest, map, and fractal - to organize the classical past for preteen and adolescent readers. Palimpsest texts see the past as a collection of strata in which each new era forms a layer superimposed upon a foundation laid earlier; map texts use the metaphor of the mappable journey to represent a protagonist's process of maturing while gaining knowledge of the self and/or the world; fractal texts, in which small parts of the narrative are thematically identical to the whole, present the past in a way that implies that history is infinitely repeatable. While a given text may embrace multiple metaphors in presenting the past, associations between dominant metaphors, genre, and outlook emerge from the case studies examined in each chapter, revealing remarkable thematic continuities in how the past is represented and how agency is attributed to protagonists: each model, it is suggested, uses the classical past to urge and thus perhaps to develop a particular approach to life.

The Poetics of Childhood investigates the sensibility of childhood and the ways writers try to recapture it. It explores the earliest conceptions of innocence and the development of literature about children through contemporary times. It encompasses the pastoral, the dark pastoral, the anti-pastoral; it addresses picture books, fantasy, and realism. It looks with originality at the literature of childhood, inclusive of children's literature and literature about childhood, so that the child and adult can be seen reflexively--the child in the adult and the various stages of childhood as they are remembered and retained in adulthood. It confronts issues of primal and socially constructed desire adn the use of childhood to talk about desire. It is a poetics, a way of imagining the experience of childhood and explores childhood as a particulary fluid and porous time, it also addresses issues of creativity. This is an essential reference for teachers, parents, artists, and writers.