Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years
Title | Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years PDF eBook |
Author | National Research Council |
Publisher | National Academies Press |
Pages | 160 |
Release | 2007-01-05 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 0309102251 |
In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
From Isotopes to Ice
Title | From Isotopes to Ice PDF eBook |
Author | Neil Patrick Griffis |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 2018 |
Genre | |
ISBN | 9780355969757 |
The following dissertation chapters refine the timing and spatial distribution of ice throughout western Gondwana during Earth’s penultimate icehouse. The glaciation history of the Paraná Basin is now restricted to the latest Carboniferous, and likely occurs in sync with a late Carboniferous deglaciation in the Karoo Basin. Furthermore, two additional deglaciation events in the Karoo Basin are contemporaneous with base-level rise in the Paraná Basin and occur at 296 and 282 Ma. Accompanying the deglaciation events and base-level fluctuations across the latest Carboniferous and early Permian in this region of Gondwana are large shifts in detrital zircon provenance. In the Paraná and Tepuel basins, sub-glacial and ice-proximal deposits are largely enriched in local zircon sources, whereas the terminal phase of glaciation in these basins are associated with far-field sediment sources. In the Paraná Basin, the Damara Orogenic Belt and east African Congo and Tanzania cratons supply far-field sediments. In the Tepuel Basin, far field sediments are likely sourced from the Ellsworth Block of Antarctica. In closing, significant questions about the glaciation history, ice distribution and climate system across the LPIA are raised by this contribution, which require future study. The observed deglacial events in the Paraná and Karoo basins track with the pCO2 record across the Carboniferous and early Permian and suggest a global shift in the climate system may be the primary driver for the aforementioned deglaciation events. The refined high-resolution stratigraphic framework for the Paraná and Karoo basins needs to be tested against other high-fidelity ice proximal records in eastern Africa and Australia in order to discern the regional - global response of elevated pCO2 on the ice record. Furthermore, a source for pCO2 needs to be evaluated. Lastly, better temporal and spatial estimates of ice through time are needed to further resolve the scale of deglaciation events and subsequent base-level response across LPIA. These aforementioned opportunities for future study will enable a more holistic view of the Earth’s system and its response in an icehouse-greenhouse transition.
Characterisation of Rapid Climate Changes Through Isotope Analyses of Ice and Entrapped Air in the NEEM Ice Core
Title | Characterisation of Rapid Climate Changes Through Isotope Analyses of Ice and Entrapped Air in the NEEM Ice Core PDF eBook |
Author | Myriam Guillevic |
Publisher | |
Pages | 362 |
Release | 2013 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
The analyses of ice drilled in the Greenland ice sheet have revealed the occurrence of rapid climatic instabilities during the last glacial period, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events. The imprint of DO events is also recorded at mid to low latitudes in different archives of the northern hemisphere. A detailed multiproxies study of the sequence of these rapid instabilities is essential for understanding the climate mechanisms at play. In this thesis, we combine water isotopes (d18O, d-excess and 17Oexcess) and air in Greenland ic cores (markers of temperature changes d15N, of land productivity d18Oatm, and also concentration and isotopic composition of methane) to quantify regional temperature changes in Greenland, to characterize the reorganization of the hydrological cycle and to better understand the role of the biosphere in climate feedbacks and the sequences of climatic events. Finally, we develop a multiproxies approach to identify in polar ice cores the fingerprint of Heinrich events (layers of ice rafted debris in North Atlantic marine cores, deposited by icebergs melt, caused by the collapse of Northern hemisphere ice sheets). Most of the new data presented in this thesis were obtained from the NEEM ice core, NW Greenland, drilled in 2008-2011 in the frame of an international project led by the Centre for Ice an Climate, Denmark.
The Two-Mile Time Machine
Title | The Two-Mile Time Machine PDF eBook |
Author | Richard B. Alley |
Publisher | Princeton University Press |
Pages | 246 |
Release | 2014-10-26 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 1400852242 |
In the 1990s Richard B. Alley and his colleagues made headlines with the discovery that the last ice age came to an abrupt end over a period of only three years. In The Two-Mile Time Machine, Alley tells the fascinating history of global climate changes as revealed by reading the annual rings of ice from cores drilled in Greenland. He explains that humans have experienced an unusually temperate climate compared to the wild fluctuations that characterized most of prehistory. He warns that our comfortable environment could come to an end in a matter of years and tells us what we need to know in order to understand and perhaps overcome climate changes in the future. In a new preface, the author weighs in on whether our understanding of global climate change has altered in the years since the book was first published, what the latest research tells us, and what he is working on next.
Deep-Sea Sediments
Title | Deep-Sea Sediments PDF eBook |
Author | H. Huneke |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Pages | 865 |
Release | 2011-02-08 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 0444530002 |
'Deep-Sea Sediments' focuses on the sedimentary processes operating within the various modern and ancient deep-sea environments. The chapters track the way of sedimentary particles from continental erosion or production in the marine realm, to transport into the deep sea, to final deposition on the sea floor.
Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments
Title | Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments PDF eBook |
Author | Vivien Gornitz |
Publisher | Springer Science & Business Media |
Pages | 1062 |
Release | 2008-10-31 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 1402045514 |
One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores
Title | Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores PDF eBook |
Author | P.M. GROOTES |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 1993 |
Genre | |
ISBN |