"The principal authors were Carrie Beth Peterson (Consultant in eHealth and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe), Clayton Hamilton (Editor-in-chief and Unit Leader, eHealth and Innovation in the Division of Information, Evidence, Research and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe) and Per Hasvold (WHO Collaborating Centre for eHealth and Telemedicine at the Norwegian Centre for Integrated Care and Telemedicine, Troms, Norway)."--Page viii.

With the half-way point in the implementation period of Health 2020 having been crossed this report reflects on the effect that the policy has had on the Region. Like its predecessors in 2012 and 2015 the 2018 report is an essential resource for the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region to report on progress towards the Health 2020 targets outlining areas that may be unfinished by 2020 and beyond. Lessons learned from across the Region on action taken by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and Member States to improve the health and well-being of their populations are presented. The report also addresses the new public health challenges that have emerged in recent years. To respond effectively to these challenges new forms of evidence are essential to measure health and well-being in different cultural and subjective contexts. This is particularly important in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals whose health indicators overlap significantly with those for Health 2020. The report will be a useful source of information for policy-makers throughout the Region helping them identify areas that need further assessment and policy action at the national level. It should inspire Member States and other stakeholders to contribute to the work under the umbrella of the WHO European Health Information Initiative: a collaboration between the Regional Office European institutions and Member States aimed at improving the information that underpins policy. Only through broad international cooperation and bold strides in the way evidence is used in the 21st century will evidence fully inform health policy-making for the benefit of all.

This report proposes a long-term management of earlier NeRN work to be utilized also in the European and OECD context, and indicators on patients and citizens' use and experiences of eHealth services. An update to prior eHealth policy analysis shows an increase on governance and stakeholder involvement in all countries. The existing NeRN indicators form a good basis for continued monitoring. Common eHealth indicators from citizens’ point of view are needed. Current Nordic citizen surveys offer a good basis for this. Decisions on governance of eHealth benchmarking work and of collaboration between several different reporting organisations are required for long-term maagement on eHealth benchmarking. With very similar eHealth policy goals, the EU, WHO, and OECD should join forces in defining common indicators to be collected nationally and reported internationally (e.g. by Eurostat).

This book reports on the state of the art in physical ergonomics and addresses the design of products, processes, services, and work systems to ensure they are productive, safe, and enjoyable for people to use. The human body’s responses to physical and physiological work demands, strain injuries from repetition, vibration, force, and posture are the most common types of issues examined, along with their design implications. The book explores a wide range of topics in physical ergonomics, including the consequences of repetitive motion, materials handling, workplace safety, the usability of portable devices, design, working postures, and the work environment. Mastering physical ergonomics and safety engineering concepts is fundamental to creating products and systems that people can safely and conveniently use, as well as avoiding stresses and minimizing the risk of accidents. Based on the AHFE 2019 Conference on Physical Ergonomics and Human Factors, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, this book provides readers with a comprehensive perspective on the current challenges in physical ergonomics, which is a critical aspect in the design of any human-centered technological system, and for factors influencing human performance.

Virtual communities have gained popularity in many growing fields and have continued to expand into healthcare environments. Analyzing the impact these communities have can help provide more effective methods to support patients and community members. Novel Applications of Virtual Communities in Healthcare Settings is a crucial scholarly reference source that examines the challenges virtual communities can face, as well as the advantages they provide to members of healthcare organizations. Featuring pertinent topics that include evaluation frameworks, disaster management, knowledge translation, and user engagement, this book is ideal for medical practitioners, academicians, students, and healthcare researchers that are interested in taking part in the latest discussions of virtual communities within medical fields.