FROEBEL'S GIFTS BY FATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN AND NCRA ARCHIBALD The i rue teacher is a student of human nature, and the student of human nature is the pupil of God. HORATIO STEEBINS BOSTON AND NEW YORK EOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY PEEPACE THE tliree little volumes on tLat Republic of Childhood, the kindergarten, of which this hand book, dealing with the gifts, forms the initial number, might well be called Chips from a Kin dergarten Workshop. They are the outcome of talks and conferences on Froebels educational principles with successive groups of earnest young women here, there, and everywhere, for fifteen years, and represent as much practical work at the bench as a carpenter could show in a similar length of time. They are the result of mutual give and take, of question and answer, of effort and experience, of the friction of minds against one another, of ideas struck out in the heat of argument, and of varied experience with many hundred little children of all nationalities and conditions. They are not theories, written in the seclusion of the study and if perchance they have the defects, so should they have the virtues, vi PREFACE too, of work corrected and revised at every step by the child in the midst. If It is objected that many things in them have been heard before, we can but say with Montaigne Truth and reason are common to every one, and are no more his who spake them first than his who spake them after. The various talks have been cut down here, enlarged there, condensed in one place, amplified in another, from year to year, as knowledge and experience have grown many of the ideas which they advocated in the beginning have been elimi nated, as being completely reversed by thepassage of time, and much new matter has been added as the kindergarten principle has developed. They are as much a growth as a coral reef, though the authors have little hope that they will be as enduring. The kindergarten of 1895 is not the kinder garten of 1880, for the science of education has made great strides in these past fifteen years. Many things which were held to be vital principles when we began our talks with kindergarten students, we now find were but lifeless methods after all. It is not that time has reversed the fundamental principles on which the kindergarten PBJSFACE vii rests, these are as true as trutli and as change less but the Interpretation of them has greatly changed and broadened with the passage of years, and many of the instrumentalities of education which Froebel devised are destined to further transformation in the future. For this reason, the last book on the kindergarten is sometimes the best book, since it naturally embodies the latest thought and discovery on the subject. These talks on the kindergarten have purposely been divested of a certain amount of technicality and detail, in the hope that they will thus reach not only kindergarten students, but the many mothers and teachers who really long to know what Froebels system of education is and what it aims to do. They will never of themselves make a kindergartner, and are not intended to do so but they certainly should shed some light on Froebel s theories, and establish a basis on which they can be worked out in the home and in the school. We shall attempt no defense of the kindergar ten here. It has passed the experimental stage It is no longer on trial for its life and no longer humbly begging, hat in hand, for a place to lay its head. As an educational idea, it is a recog viii PREFACE nized part of the great system of child-training and to say, in this year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, that one does not believe in the kindergarten is as if one said, I do not believe in electricity, or, I never saw much force in the law of gravitation...

This selection of Friedrich Froebel's work, shows the development of his educational doctrines, which mostly deals with young children.

This work looks at the founder of the kindergarten and his profound influence on provision and practice for young children today. It looks at Froebel's theory of a garden for children and why he believed that play is central to young children's learning.

. Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word "control" in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.

Nursery World Awards 2012 winner! This stimulating book brings together contributions from distinguished practitioners, who demonstrate how they have used educational methods advocated by Froebel in contemporary settings. Stressing the importance of outdoor play, they explore the Froebelian principles of: - Play - Learning through firsthand experience - Parent partnership and community in early childhood - Practitioners supporting children′s interests and learning - Finger rhymes and action songs - Movement - The garden and forests - Wooden blockplay - Use of clay, paint, junk modelling, construction kits The book emphasises how learning and the application of knowledge become possible through play. It contrasts the Froebel approach with the methods such as Montessori, Steiner and recent approaches to play such as post-Modern ′playfulness′. This book is relevant to undergraduate and postgraduate students of Early Childhood Education, as well as students following QTS and EYPS, PGCE, CPD and BEd courses. Tina Bruce CBE is an Honorary Visiting Professor in Early Childhood at the University of Roehampton.

A major influence on the education of young children since the late nineteenth century, the philosophical and practical tenets of Frobelian early childhood education require urgent re-articulation in light of current debate and developments in research and policy. This seminal Handbook responds to this need, drawing together a unique and valuable body of literature, research and case studies to make explicit the specific features of Froebelian education and provide key impulses for future research and practice in this area. Chapters present the sometimes divergent perspectives of leading educationalists, and so offer a uniquely comprehensive overview of Froebelian approaches and their interaction with contemporary policies and insights. The Handbook explores five significant areas of scholarship and practice: Part I examines the original Froebelian principles and practices in early childhood education in different parts of the world. Part II presents case studies, development projects and practitioner publications exploring Froebelian approaches to early childhood education. Part III details research studies which document, debate and evaluate Froebelian approaches. Part IV considers how Froebelian approaches might be sustained and adapted for use in various cultural contexts across the world. Part V offers a re-articulation of research and policy. An essential resource for in-service and future practitioners, researchers and policy-makers involved in early childhood education, this key text will promote discussion, aid analysis and further the practical application of Frobelian principles.