Freeze-drying is an important preservation technique for heat-sensitive pharmaceuticals and foods. Products are first frozen, then dried in a vacuum at low temperature by sublimation and desorption, rather than by the application of heat. The resulting items can be stored at room temperature for long periods. This informative text addresses both principles and practice in this area.The first chapter introduces freeze-drying. The authors then review the fundamentals of the technique, heat-mass transfer analyses, modelling of the drying process and the equipment employed. Further chapters focus on freeze-drying of food, freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals and the protective agents and additives applied. The final chapter covers the important subjects of disinfection, sterilization and process validation.Freeze-drying of pharmaceutical and food products is an essential reference for food, pharmaceutical and refrigeration engineers and scientists with an interest in preservation techniques. It will also be of use to students in these fields. - Addresses the principles and practices used in this important preservation technique - Explains the fundamentals of heat-mass transfer analysis, modelling and the equipment used - Discusses the importance of disinfection, sterilization and process validation

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products provides an overview of the most recent and cutting-edge developments and technologies in the field, focusing on formulation developments and process monitoring and considering new technologies for process development. This book contains case studies from freeze dryer manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies for readers in industry and academia. It was contributed to by lyophilization experts to create a detailed analysis of the subject matter, organically presenting recent advancements in freeze-drying research and technology. It discusses formulation design, process optimization and control, new PAT-monitoring tools, multivariate image analysis, process scale-down and development using small-scale freeze-dryers, use of CFD for equipment design, and development of continuous processes. This book is for industry professionals, including chemical engineers and pharmaceutical scientists.

Spray-freeze-drying (SFD) is a synergistic drying technology that imbibes in it the merits of both spray drying and freeze-drying, whilst overcoming the limitations of these predecessor technologies. SFD produces uniquely powdered food and pharmaceutical products with porous microstructure and superior quality attributes. Owing to its atomization step and ultra-low-temperature operation, SFD is a competent drying technique for the production of valuable but sensitive bioactive components. Despite the costs and complexities involved, SFD has a competitive edge over the conventional drying techniques in providing distinctive product attributes. The applications of spray-freeze-drying in the area of food and bioproducts span across the product categories of instant food powders, dry flavors, active pharmaceutical ingredients, poorly water-soluble drugs, probiotics, proteins, enzymes and vaccines. Spray-Freeze-Drying of Foods and Bioproducts: Theory, Applications and Perspectives is the first exclusive title on this interesting drying technique. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of SFD and its food and pharmaceutical applications. The scope of this book, comprising 12 chapters, has been organizedunder four major headings: fundamentals of process-stages, applications with case-studies, recent advancements and the processing bottlenecks and solutions. Key Features Provides examples and case studies of nuances and intricacies associated with each stage of the spray-freeze-drying process Highlights the applications of spray-freeze-drying in the production of food products including soluble coffee, dairy powders, probiotics and flavors Serves as a ready-reckoner of characterization methods for spray-freeze-dried products Contains 200+ illustrations and tabulations The contents of this book are organized to cater to the knowledge needs of students, academicians, researchers and professionals in the food and pharmaceutical industry.

Handbook of Drying for Dairy Products is a complete guide to the field’s principles and applications, with an emphasis on best practices for the creation and preservation of dairy-based food ingredients. Details the techniques and results of drum drying, spray drying, freeze drying, spray-freeze drying, and hybrid drying Contains the most up-to-date research for optimizing the drying of dairy, as well as computer modelling options Addresses the effect of different drying techniques on the nutritional profile of dairy products Provides essential information for dairy science academics as well as technologists active in the dairy industry

An accessible guide to safely dehydrating food Freeze drying, or lyophilization, is a method for dehydrating food or other substances through the use of pressure instead of heat. This allows for the preservation and storage of high-value food products without altering their essential properties or causing a reduction in quality or value. For these reasons, freeze drying is the most reliable method for preserving and distributing high-quality products. Freeze Drying of Food Products provides a concise, accessible overview of freeze-drying techniques and their modern applications. Beginning with the basic principles and processes of freeze drying, it incorporates specific discussion of freeze-drying different categories of food products, before moving to an analysis of recent developments in freeze-drying technology. The result is a key publication in the fight to extend the shelf-life of food products and expand the distribution of high-quality freeze-dried foods. Freeze Drying of Food Products readers will also find: An editorial team with a wide range of pertinent research experience Detailed discussion of different freeze-drying processes such as vacuum drying, atmospheric drying, and spray drying Commercial Applications of freeze-dried food products Freeze Drying of Food Products is ideal for researchers and industry professionals involved in food production, food distribution, or food biotechnology, as well as students studying these and other related fields.

Completely up-to-date and organized for easy use, this one-of-a-kind reference integrates basic concepts with hands-on techniques for food dehydration. It discusses a wide range of scientific and technical information, from the physical, chemical, and microbiological changes in food dehydration to its packaging aspects.

Aimed at product and process developers in the biopharmaceutical industry and academia, this is the first book to describe freeze-drying, as related to the pharmaceutical industry.