This unique one-volume monograph offers commentary on the contract law of twenty key jurisdictions as it applies to online business. The text provides legal counsel and businesspeople with practical information about electronic transactions and contract formation, as well as a description of the country's general legal framework and an overview of the country's scheme of online business regulation. Features in-depth analysis of key practice issues - General principles of contract law - E-commerce legislation in force - Electronic transactions - Effective formation of online contracts (e-contracts) - When and how an offer is made to create an online contract - When and where an online contract is formed - Shrinkwrap and clickwrap issues - Digital signatures - Evidentiary issues - "Self-help" issues - Special provisions to include in online contracts - Legislation governing online contracts In addition to the country coverage, Online Contract Formation includes a wealth of supplementary material: sample agreements and forms, topical contract-related commentary, and source documents. Sample Forms/Agreements, including: - Checklist including tips on how to make your online agreement more enforceable - Sample click-through agreement for purchasing goods over the Internet - Sample clauses for arbitration agreements with respect to both consumer and commercial transactions - Sample terms and conditions for a website - Website development agreement - Links agreement Sample commentary, including: - Glossary of online business terms - Jurisdictional Issues in International E-Commerce Contracts - Effective Formation of Contracts by Electronic Means, and Dispute Resolution in the New E-conomy: Still More Questions than Answers Key sources/documents include: - (US) Electronic Signatures Act (ESIGA) - Uniform Electronic Commerce Act (Canada) - Canada's Uniform Law Conference of Canada Uniform Electronic Commerce Act - UNCITRAL Draft Uniform Rules on Electronic Signatures.

Electronic Contracts: Principles from the Common Law identifies issues of contract law that are uniquely problematic for electronic contracts. In this new book, the author discusses the most important appellate decisions from other common law jurisdictions and seeks to provide the reader with an understanding of how these decisions may influence the development of the law here in Australia. The book examines the extent to which the common law applies familiar contract law principles to unfamiliar problems, such as whether sufficient notice of terms can be given by hyperlink. It also examines the extent to which the common law may expand familiar principles to fit unfamiliar problems. This book will be of immeasurable assistance to legal practitioners litigating and drafting electronic contracts, as well as to practitioners, academics, and students interested in the legal problems arising from the new information technologies. Important Features: · Detailed and scholarly coverage of the topic · Applies a comparative approach · Author considers over 150 common law electronic contract cases at appellate level

The Law of E-Commerce E-Contracts , E-Business Electronic commerce raises some legal issues, including whether the contract must be in a particular form or authenticated; validity, time and place of communication; cross-offers and battle of forms. This book analyses the legal problems relating to contracts formed on the Internet, including the use of electronic agents, the enforceability of clickwrap agreements, electronic payments, and choice-of-law and jurisdiction issues. These issues are considered from the UK common law point of view and according to the SICG, UNIDROIT Principles, PECL, UNCITRAL Model Law, and the Uniform Commercial Code.

Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: 72 % - Distinction, Bournemouth University (Law Academic Department), language: English, abstract: Approximately eight years ago, an electronic invention called the Internet has initiated a phenomenon of exuberant fascination and economic upturn of individuals and businesses at the same time. The steady increasing amount of online users presents a beneficial medium through which commercial entities can advertise and sell their commodities without mentionable delay. Potential consumers have borderless access to products at competitive prices independent of regional distances. Consequently, it is simply to ask the question "How do people contract over the Internet and are the familiar Common Law principles applicable?" This question is in particular in such an extent controversial and important to resolve, since there is no English court which has dealt with this subject so far. As the traditional contract law has been developed and modified due to new and unfamiliar communication means over centuries, it may be that the existing principles are hardly applicable and insufficient to determine the formation of an electronic contract. Though, it is also imaginable that courts may easily alter the contract law rules to an appropriate extent as they already did with other communication methods. This dissertation is concerned with the demanding topic of formation of contracts in the area of electronic commerce. It tackles legal issues in an environment of various forms of commercial and non-commercial activities using electronic means. As the fields of electronic commerce and practicing business online are constantly increasing all over the globe, legal issues of complex content are steadily challenging traditional law principles, courts, lawyers and legal scholars to develop governing laws and adequate solutions. The dissertation faces and investigates how existi

Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: 72 % - Distinction , Bournemouth University (Law Academic Department), language: English, abstract: Approximately eight years ago, an electronic invention called the Internet has initiated a phenomenon of exuberant fascination and economic upturn of individuals and businesses at the same time. The steady increasing amount of online users presents a beneficial medium through which commercial entities can advertise and sell their commodities without mentionable delay. Potential consumers have borderless access to products at competitive prices independent of regional distances. Consequently, it is simply to ask the question "How do people contract over the Internet and are the familiar Common Law principles applicable?" This question is in particular in such an extent controversial and important to resolve, since there is no English court which has dealt with this subject so far. As the traditional contract law has been developed and modified due to new and unfamiliar communication means over centuries, it may be that the existing principles are hardly applicable and insufficient to determine the formation of an electronic contract. Though, it is also imaginable that courts may easily alter the contract law rules to an appropriate extent as they already did with other communication methods. This dissertation is concerned with the demanding topic of formation of contracts in the area of electronic commerce. It tackles legal issues in an environment of various forms of commercial and non-commercial activities using electronic means. As the fields of electronic commerce and practicing business online are constantly increasing all over the globe, legal issues of complex content are steadily challenging traditional law principles, courts, lawyers and legal scholars to develop governing laws and adequate solutions. The dissertation faces and investigates how existing concepts of contract law may apply to cyberspace in a variety of contractual situations and which kind of issues may occur. Hence, the dissertation endeavours to provide contributions in order to clarify imaginable e-commerce conflicts and discloses possible solutions to dispel existing uncertainties of e-commerce users. In order to determine why certain sectors of electronic commerce comprise a multitude of interesting and challenging aspects for every legal practitioner and every person operating online, it is necessary and expedient to provide a comprehensive overview of the broad field of e-commerce and to what extent the dissertation investigates present issues.

The internet has become a tool for performing contracts in commerce and accordingly, the contract formation process has experienced some significant developments. Generally, these electronic contracting practices have not yet received appropriate treatment in Iraqi law. Consequently, this thesis argues that some traditional contract rules, especially those in the Iraqi Civil Code (ICC) and the Iraqi E-signature and Transactions Act (IESTA), are currently insufficient for regulating legal agreements resulting from new contracts. Although not wholly comparative research, the analysis of the Iraqi law herein will however be accompanied by analysis of Sharia doctrines. Consequently, this thesis fundamentally considers the ICC, the IESTA and Sharia law, but also considers other jurisdictions to a limited degree. The rationale for this is to weigh how other jurisdictions have been successfully dealing with electronic contract formation. The primary objective is to scrutinise the likelihood of embracing appropriate foreign laws for adaptation as suitable amendments of Iraqi law. Sharia law dates back over 1400 years and some of its rules are nowadays inapplicable. The most appropriate example is the Maliki's view, which makes it mandatory for the offeree to accept or reject the offer instantly when the offer reaches him, this view is now in applicable. However, the majority of these rules are still in force. In Iraq, applying the traditional rules of contract formation is out-of-date and such rules are inappropriate for adjudicating disputes arising from the electronic contracting process. This thesis recommends that the Iraqi law must become more efficient and more easily applicable to regulate electronic contracts. In particular, the Iraqi legislature should revise the ICC and IESTA as regards contract formation rules to provide legal certainty in electronic contracting. Accordingly, ICC articles 82, 87 and 88 should be updated to take into consideration the unique nature of contracts formed over the internet. It should also treat new means of communication independently, taking into consideration the different nature of each means, for instance, the postal rule fits to contracts conducted by email, but it does not fit to those conducted by phone calls.