This book introduces a new form of argumentative analysis: rhetorical heuremes. The method applies the concepts of heuristic thinking, probability, and contingency in order to develop a better understanding of complex arguments in classical oratory. A new theory is required because Greek and Roman rhetoric cannot provide detailed answers to problems of strategic argumentation in the analysis of speeches. Building on scholarship in Ciceronian oratory, this book moves beyond the extant terminology and employs a concept of heuristic reasoning derived from the psychology of decision making and mathematical problem solving. The author analyses selected passages from Cicero’s forensic speeches where arguments of probability are deployed, and shows that the Sophistic concept of probability can link ancient rhetoric and modern theories of argumentation. Six groups of heuremes are identified, each of which represents a form of probabilistic reasoning by which the orator plays upon the perception of the jurors.

A comprehensive and authoritative account of one of the greatest and most prolific writers of classical antiquity.

This book explores the interplay of form and function in both real and fictional oratory at Rome.

Cicero's speeches provide a fascinating window into the political battles and crises of his time. In this book, Joanna Kenty examines Cicero's persuasive strategies and the subtleties of his Latin prose, and shows how he used eight political personae – the attacker, the grateful friend, the martyr, the senator, the partisan ideologue, and others – to maximize his political leverage in the latter half of his career. These personae were what made his arguments convincing, and drew audiences into Cicero's perspective. Non-specialist and expert readers alike will gain new insight into Cicero's corpus and career as a whole, as well as a better appreciation of the context, details, and nuances of individual passages.

This book offers an examination of Cicero's speech, the Pro Balbo, which was delivered during a momentous period of Roman history, in defence of a highly influential political advisor of Caesar who was charged under the lex Papia for an illegal grant of citizenship.

This book presents five of Cicero's courtroom defences, including the defence of Roscius, falsely accused of murdering his father; of the consul-elect Murena, accused of electoral bribery; and of Milo, for murdering Cicero's enemy Clodius.