Forever Undecided
Title | Forever Undecided PDF eBook |
Author | Raymond M. Smullyan |
Publisher | Knopf |
Pages | 286 |
Release | 2012-07-04 |
Genre | Mathematics |
ISBN | 0307962466 |
Forever Undecided is the most challenging yet of Raymond Smullyan’s puzzle collections. It is, at the same time, an introduction—ingenious, instructive, entertaining—to Gödel’s famous theorems. With all the wit and charm that have delighted readers of his previous books, Smullyan transports us once again to that magical island where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. Here we meet a new and amazing array of characters, visitors to the island, seeking to determine the natives’ identities. Among them: the census-taker McGregor; a philosophical-logician in search of his flighty bird-wife, Oona; and a regiment of Reasoners (timid ones, normal ones, conceited, modest, and peculiar ones) armed with the rules of propositional logic (if X is true, then so is Y). By following the Reasoners through brain-tingling exercises and adventures—including journeys into the “other possible worlds” of Kripke semantics—even the most illogical of us come to understand Gödel’s two great theorems on incompleteness and undecidability, some of their philosophical and mathematical implications, and why we, like Gödel himself, must remain Forever Undecided!
Possible Worlds
Title | Possible Worlds PDF eBook |
Author | Rod Girle |
Publisher | McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP |
Pages | 226 |
Release | 2003 |
Genre | Modality (Logic) |
ISBN | 0773526676 |
Mathematics, Models, and Modality
Title | Mathematics, Models, and Modality PDF eBook |
Author | John P. Burgess |
Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
Pages | 253 |
Release | 2008-02-21 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 113947054X |
John Burgess is the author of a rich and creative body of work which seeks to defend classical logic and mathematics through counter-criticism of their nominalist, intuitionist, relevantist, and other critics. This selection of his essays, which spans twenty-five years, addresses key topics including nominalism, neo-logicism, intuitionism, modal logic, analyticity, and translation. An introduction sets the essays in context and offers a retrospective appraisal of their aims. The volume will be of interest to a wide range of readers across philosophy of mathematics, logic, and philosophy of language.
Forever Undecided
Title | Forever Undecided PDF eBook |
Author | Raymond M. Smullyan |
Publisher | Alfred a Knopf Incorporated |
Pages | 257 |
Release | 1987 |
Genre | Games |
ISBN | 9780394549439 |
Collects a variety of mathematics and logic puzzles, some based on the theorems of the mathematician Kurt Godel
New Essays on the Knowability Paradox
Title | New Essays on the Knowability Paradox PDF eBook |
Author | Joe Salerno |
Publisher | OUP Oxford |
Pages | 392 |
Release | 2009-06-04 |
Genre | Philosophy |
ISBN | 0191608688 |
In 1945 Alonzo Church issued a pair of referee reports in which he anonymously conveyed to Frederic Fitch a surprising proof showing that wherever there is (empirical) ignorance there is also logically unknowable truth. Fitch published this and a generalization of the result in 1963. Ever since, philosophers have been attempting to understand the significance and address the counter-intuitiveness of this, the so-called paradox of knowability. This collection assembles Church's referee reports, Fitch's 1963 paper, and nineteen new papers on the knowability paradox. The contributors include logicians and philosophers from three continents, many of whom have already made important contributions to the discussion of the problem. The volume contains a general introduction to the paradox and the background literature, and is divided into seven sections that roughly mark the central points of debate. The sections include the history of the paradox, Michael Dummett's constructivism, issues of paraconsistency, developments of modal and temporal logics, Cartesian restricted theories of truth, modal and mathematical fictionalism, and reconsiderations about how, and whether, we ought to construe an anti-realist theory of truth.
The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign
Title | The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign PDF eBook |
Author | A. Wilson Greene |
Publisher | Univ. of Tennessee Press |
Pages | 594 |
Release | 2008 |
Genre | Petersburg (Va.) |
ISBN | 1572336102 |
The Petersburg Campaign was what finally did it. After months of relentless conflict throughout 1864, the Confederate army led by General Robert E. Lee holed up in the Virginia city of Petersburg as Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant's vastly superior forces lurked nearby. The brutal fighting that took place around the city during 1864 and into 1865 decimated both armies as Grant used his manpower advantage to repeatedly smash the Confederate lines, a tactic that eventually resulted in the decisive breakthrough that ultimately doomed the Confederacy. The breakthrough and the events that led up to it are the subject of A. Wilson Greene's groundbreaking book The Final Battles of the Petersburg Campaign, a significant revision of a much-praised work first published in 2000. Surprisingly, despite Petersburg's decisive importance to the war's outcome, the campaign has received scant attention from historians. Greene's book, with its incisive analysis and compelling narrative, changes this, offering readers a rich account of the personalities and strategies that shaped the final phase of the fighting. Greene's ultimate focus on the climatic engagements of April 2, 1865, the day that Confederate control of Richmond and Petersburg was effectively ended. The book tells this story from the perspectives of the two army groups that clashed on that day: the Union Sixth Corps and the Confederate Third Corps. But Greene does more than just recount the military tactics at Petersburg; he also connects the reader intimately with how the war affected society and spotlights the soldiers, both officers and enlisted men, whose experiences defined the outcome. Thanks to his extensive research and consultation of rare source materials, Greene gives readers a vibrant perspective on the campaign that broke the Confederate spirit once and for all. A. Wilson Greene is president of Pamplin Historical Park & The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier near Petersburg, Virginia. He also has taught at Mary Washington College and worked for sixteen years with the National Park Service.
Honoré de Balzac: The Complete 'Human Comedy' Cycle (100+ Works) (Book Center)
Title | Honoré de Balzac: The Complete 'Human Comedy' Cycle (100+ Works) (Book Center) PDF eBook |
Author | Honoré de Balzac |
Publisher | Oregan Publishing |
Pages | 17846 |
Release | 2017-03-15 |
Genre | Literary Collections |
ISBN |
The Human Comedy (French: La Comédie Humaine) is the title of Honoré de Balzac's multi-volume collection of interlinked novels and stories depicting French society in the period of the Restoration (1815-1830) and the July Monarchy (1830–1848). It consists of 91 finished works (stories, novels or analytical essays) and 46 unfinished works (some of which exist only as titles). It does not include Balzac's five theatrical plays or his collection of humorous tales, the "Contes drolatiques" (1832–37). The title of the series is usually considered an allusion to Dante's Divine Comedy; while Ferdinand Brunetière, the famous French literary critic, suggests that it may stem from poems by Alfred de Musset or Alfred de Vigny. While Balzac sought the comprehensive scope of Dante, his title indicates the worldly, human concerns of a realist novelist. The stories are placed in a variety of settings, with characters reappearing in multiple stories. Notable works included in the 'Human Comedy': - The Purse - Domestic Bliss - The Imaginary Mistress - A Daughter Of Eve - Honorine - Beatrix - Gobseck - A Woman Of Thirty - Old Goriot (Father Goriot) - Colonel Chabert - A Marriage Contract - Another Study Of Woman - Ursule Mirouet - Eugenie Grandet - The Vicar Of Tours - The Illustrious Gaudissart - Cesar Birotteau - Sarrasine - Cousin Bette (Cousin Betty) - The Girl With The Golden Eyes - The Chouans - Z. Marcas ...