The concept behind this book is to take a holistic view of food texture, starting with the determination of food texture, its perception in the mouth, and its measurement by both sensory and instrumental methods, and to examine the relation between them. The book has been divided into four sections: Fundamentals, Sensory and Human Interactions, Instrumental Analysis, and Food Products. Essentially we cover the techniques used for measuring food texture, and then apply them to the different product groups. Readers of the first edition will notice the title has changed, with the adoption of the term texturology. In the long history of food texture research, texturology has been occasionally used in literature. The term texturology has not been widely accepted by texture researchers (texturologists) because of their concern over whether the theories and techniques are broad and strong enough to support texture research as a scientific discipline. During the 24 years since the publication of the first edition, the editors have observed vast developments in theories as well as the assessment methodology of food texture (both sensory and instrumental) and these have shaped our understanding. This second edition brings the science up to date by introducing topics not previously covered (e.g. psychophysics, tribology, oral processing, texture maps and special foods for dysphagia patients). It includes an exposé of the instruments to measure food texture, and also considers techniques for measuring consumer perception of food texture (in addition to the sensory properties). Additionally, it amends omissions from the first edition such as dairy products; fish; bakery products; and, sugar confectionery, asproduct groups. All in all it is expanded and updated in its coverage of food texturology, as a coherent scientific discipline.

The concept behind this book is to take a holistic view of food texture, starting with the determination of food texture, its perception in the mouth, and its measurement by both sensory and instrumental methods, and to examine the relation between those methods. The book has been divided into two sections. The first deals with perception of food texture and techniques for its measurement. The second focuses on individual groups of food commodities. The first section is interlaced with appropriate food-related examples to reinforce the applied nature of the subject.

Even before the publication of Special Technical Publication 433 of the American Society for Testing and Materials, it became obvious that the brief treatment given to the principles and techniques for sensory measurement and analysis of texture in that volume was all too brief; hence, a task force of ASTM Committee E-18 was formed to develop an authoritative and comprehensive volume on this most complex and important subject to provide within one cover for the student, researcher, and the food manufacturer, a definition and an understanding of the subject offood texture, as well as sensory and objective methods for its measurement. This most difficult task appeared to be possible only after the task force had obtained the assistance of special ists in the many disciplines involved, and after deciding to limit the dissertation to the measurement of texture of foods only. The task was further clarified when Dr. Finney proposed an outline of six chapters, beginning with one on definition. The second chapter was to be on principles of sensory evaluations, the third on sensory measurements, the fourth on principles of objective evaluation, the fifth on objective measurements, and the final concluding chapter on subjective-objective analogues. The first drafts of these six chapters constituted a symposium on texture presented before a joint session at the 1971 Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technology and the American Society for Testing and Materials.

Food Science and Technology: A Series of Monographs: Food Texture and Viscosity: Concept and Measurement focuses on the texture and viscosity of food and how these properties are measured. The publication first elaborates on texture, viscosity, and food, body-texture interactions, and principles of objective texture measurement. Topics include area and volume measuring instruments, chemical analysis, multiple variable instruments, soothing effect of mastication, reasons for masticating food, rheology and texture, and the rate of compression between the teeth. The book then examines the practice of objective texture measurement and viscosity and consistency, including the general equation for viscosity, methods for measuring viscosity, factors affecting viscosity, tensile testers, distance measuring measurements, and shear testing. The manuscript takes a look at the selection of a suitable test procedure and sensory methods of texture and viscosity measurement. Discussions focus on nonoral methods of sensory measurement; correlations between subjective and objective measurements; variations on the texture profile technique; and importance of sensory evaluation. The publication is a vital source of information for food experts and researchers interested in food texture and viscosity.

Food texture has evolved to be at the forefront of food formulation and development. Food Texture Design and Optimization presents the latest insights in food texture derived from advances in formulation science as well as sensory and instrumental measurement. This unique volume provides practical insights for professionals who are starting in the field as well as experts looking to enhance their knowledge or expand into new areas. The first part of this book presents case studies on formulating products in a broad variety of application segments, such as cheese, ice-cream, baked goods, gluten-free products, low-fat/non-fat dairy products and more. Challenges related to maintaining texture while optimizing nutritional content, cost, flavor and other attributes of the food product are investigated. The book also highlights the importance of texture design and optimization in several types of food products and demonstrates how experts have applied this knowledge in the industry. Part two provides an overview of the latest advances in tools and techniques for food texture design and optimization, focusing on the use of instrumental techniques, the application of sensory techniques, and the use of marketing and consumer insight tools in the design and optimization of food products. The ability to use advanced characterization techniques in this field is critical for both new and established practitioners in tackling the problems they face. Food Texture Design and Optimization serves as an important reference for technical practitioners on how to adopt advanced techniques in food texture research. This information is invaluable in reviewing establish the state of the art in this field and providing a minimum recommended standard for food formulators.

Mechanical properties of food. Microstructure of food and its relation to texture. Instrumental measurement of food texture. Applications of instrumetns for measurement. Interpretation of force curve from instrumental measurements. texture of fruits and vegetables. Texture of dough, pasta and fat products. The tectural characterisitics of dairy products., of meat and its measurement. Starch texture. Rheology of chocolate. Engineerig food texture. Textural characteristics of food emulsions. functions of emulsifiers in relation to food texture. Sensory measurement of food texture. The textural profile. Physhophysical relations in texture.