Food Remittances: Migration and Food Security in Africa

Food Remittances: Migration and Food Security in Africa
Title Food Remittances: Migration and Food Security in Africa PDF eBook
Author Crush, Jonathan
Publisher Southern African Migration Programme
Pages 57
Release 2017-01-17
Genre Social Science
ISBN 1920596194

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There is considerable evidence from across the African continent that a significant proportion of cash remittances to rural areas is spent on food. However, bidirectional food remitting – its drivers, dimensions and impacts – is an underdeveloped research and policy area. This report therefore reviews the current state of knowledge about food remittances in Africa and aims to make a number of contributions to the study of the relationship between migration and food security.

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa
Title The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa PDF eBook
Author Jonathan Crush
Publisher African Books Collective
Pages 52
Release 2016-10-17
Genre Social Science
ISBN 1920597190

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This report examines the food security status of Zimbabwean migrant households in the poorer areas of two major South African cities, Johannesburg and Cape Town. The vast majority were food insecure in terms of the amount of food to which they had access and the quality and diversity of their diet. What seems clear is that Zimbabwean migrants are significantly more food insecure than other low-income households. The primary reason for this appears to lie in pressures that include remittances of cash and goods back to family in Zimbabwe. The small literature on the impact of migrant remittances on food security tends to look only at the recipients and how their situation is improved. It does not look at the impact of remitting on those who send remittances. Most Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa feel a strong obligation to remit, but to do so they must make choices because of their limited and unpredictable income. Food is one of the first things to be sacrificed. Quantities decline, cheaper foods are preferred, and dietary quality and diversity inevitably suffer. This study found that while migrants were dissatisfied with the shrinking job market in South Africa, most felt that they would be unlikely to find work in Zimbabwe and that a return would worsen their households food security situation. In other words, while food insecurity in Zimbabwe is a major driver of migration to South Africa, food insecurity in South Africa is unlikely to encourage many to return.

Food Security in Africa

Food Security in Africa
Title Food Security in Africa PDF eBook
Author Barakat Mahmoud
Publisher BoD – Books on Demand
Pages 134
Release 2021-01-20
Genre Technology & Engineering
ISBN 1789857333

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This edited volume “Food Security in Africa” is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of food safety and availability, water issues, farming and nutrition. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the public health and food security research area. All chapters are complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on Africa’s food security challenges, quality of water, small-scale farming as well as economic and social challenges that this continent is facing. Hopefully, this volume will open new possible research paths for further novel developments.

Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2018

Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2018
Title Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2018 PDF eBook
Author Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher Food & Agriculture Org.
Pages 120
Release 2019-03-04
Genre Political Science
ISBN 9251311579

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This year’s edition of the Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition reports that the food security situation on the continent continues to worsen. For Africa, 20.4 percent of the continent’s population – 257 million people – are undernourished, up from 19.7 in 2016 – 241 million people. In sub–Saharan Africa, there are 237 million undernourished in 2017, up from 222 million in 2016. The worsening situation in Africa is due to difficult global economic conditions and, in many countries, conflict and climate-related disasters, sometimes in combination. Economic growth slowed in 2016 due to weak commodity prices, in particular for oil and minerals. Food insecurity has worsened in countries affected by conflict, often exacerbated by drought or floods, and in Southern and Eastern Africa many countries have been adversely affected by prolonged drought. Notably, several countries have achieved sustained progress in reducing food insecurity in the face of challenging circumstances. The deterioration of the food security situation and the lack of progress towards the WHO global nutrition targets makes it imperative for countries to step up their efforts, if they are to achieve a world without hunger and malnutrition by 2030. The need for greater efforts also emerges clearly from the findings of the inaugural biennial review of progress in implementing the goals of the Malabo Declaration. In addition to specific food security and nutrition policies, this year’s report reviews four important cross-cutting topics, namely, youth employment, remittances, intraregional trade, and climate change. It highlights their interplay with the food system and their role in food security and nutrition. The thematic part of the report presents an evidence–based assessment of the threat posed by more frequent occurrences of climate extremes and rising climate variability to food security and nutrition in the region. Climate change in combination with poor development planning, poverty and environmental degradation increases the risk of a climate event becoming a disaster. A collective approach that combines climate change adaptation with disaster resilient development is an opportunity to address climate and disaster risks within the context of broader development goals.

Food Remittances

Food Remittances
Title Food Remittances PDF eBook
Author Jonathan Crush
Publisher
Pages 39
Release 2017
Genre Africa
ISBN

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Remittances and Food Security

Remittances and Food Security
Title Remittances and Food Security PDF eBook
Author Narges Ebadi
Publisher
Pages
Release 2019
Genre
ISBN

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"Since 2000, the number of international migrants has increased steadily, reaching 258 million in 2017. More than one-third of international migration moves from South to North, basically from developing to developed countries. Like international migration but in opposite direction, flows of remittances have also increased largely to developing countries since 2000. International remittances flow into developing countries attract increasing attention because of their rise in volume and their impact on the recipient countries. Receiving remittances from outside the country has become a household coping strategy that might contribute to poverty reduction, to alleviate hunger, to promote better diets and to increase productive investments.Because little is known about the topic, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the linkage between receiving remittances and the food security status in Global South (GS) regions. Although there are some studies on different countries that explore the association between receiving remittances and household food quality and quantity consumption or food consumption expenditures, this is the first study that examines the association between food security and receiving remittances by using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) for individuals in the Global South (GS). Data were obtained from the 2017 Gallup World Poll (GWP), which interviewed face-to-face 68,463 individuals in 65 countries. The target population in the GWP is the entire civilian, non- institutionalized, population aged 15 and older. All samples were selected using probability sampling techniques and are nationally representative. The GWP surveys average 1,000 individuals per country. Different statistical analyses such as descriptive, crosstabs, binary, and multinomial logistic regressions analyses, were applied in this study. This study assessed the association between receiving remittances and the food security status, by controlling the role of covariates. Additionally, the predictors of receiving remittances were also measured.Regardless of GS region, this study found a significant association between receiving remittances and food security (both crosstabs and regression analyses). In the unadjusted logistics regression, regardless of region, while severe food insecurity was significantly related to not- receiving remittances (OR=1.532; P= 0.000), results from socio-demographic factors in the GS indicated that the probability of being severely food insecure increased among individuals who were females (OR=1.061; P=0.000), lived in rural areas (OR=1.645; P=0.000), in large households (OR=1.750; P=0.000), in ages between 26 and 49 years (OR=1.171; P=0.000), in the poorest 20% of income quintile (OR=2.994; P=0.000), with low education (OR= 6.568; P=0.000), unemployed (OR=1.948; P=0.000), and divorced/separated or widowed (OR=1.370; P=0.000).Regarding GS regions, in the unadjusted logistics regression, the findings from this study indicate that the likelihood of being severely food insecure was significant for people in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA) (OR=2.080; P=0.000), and Asia (Southeast, South, and East) (OR=1.384; P=0.000) for those who did not receive remittances from migrants. In the adjusted model, socio- demographic factors also remained significantly related to food security. As a result, this study found that receiving remittances seems to indirectly influence the food security status of individuals receiving remittances in the GS through household income, education, employment, and the area of residence.Although receiving remittances seems to positively impact the food security status of individuals in the GS, regardless of region, the association might not apply to all countries in the analyzed sample. More detailed analysis for individual countries and with larger samples of households or individuals are required to better understand such relationship"--

COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa: Review of the emerging empirical evidence

COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa: Review of the emerging empirical evidence
Title COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa: Review of the emerging empirical evidence PDF eBook
Author Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul Jr.
Publisher Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Pages 29
Release 2022-05-11
Genre Political Science
ISBN

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COVID-19 risks rolling back many of the efforts and global successes recorded in reducing poverty and food insecurity. We undertake a systematic review of the growing microeconomic literature on the association between COVID-19 and food (in)security in Africa, discussing its implications for food policy and research. In doing so, we highlight some of the methodological weaknesses in answering policy-relevant questions on the causal link between COVID-19 and food insecurity. We also review the various coping strategies households are using to build resilience to COVID-19 and explore the role of social protection and other tools in mitigating some of the negative effects of COVID-19. This review provides evidence that COVID-19 is associated with food insecurity both ex-ante and ex-durante. There are many attempts to suggest this relationship may be causal with some robust methods in some contexts, but data limitations prevail which constrains causal learning. We also find evidence that income losses, loss of employment, and heightened food prices may be mediating the relationship between COVID-19 and food insecurity. Going further, we additionally review the mitigating role of social protection and remittances in reducing the negative effects of COVID-19 on food insecurity. Relatedly, we also show evidence that households are using various coping strategies such as food rationing and dietary change to cushion themselves against the COVID-19 shock but most of these measures remain adversely correlated with food insecurity. We end with a discussion on some potential interesting areas where future efforts can be geared to improve learning on the relationship between COVID-19, food insecurity, and building resilience to shocks.