Diet is frequently the first thing that comes to mind when discussing our health. We all know that eating healthy can help us stay fit and prevent disease as the health of a person is highly depending on the type of diet consumed. Earlier, the diet was considered to be only impacting the heart health, but now, several evidences advocate that it also has a great role in brain health. Thus, what we eat can impact our brains' function. Our eating habits have an effect on how our brains work. Consuming unhealthy meals, such as processed food or sugary snacks, can cause the inflammation interfering with the brain's capacity to connect with other organs. This disruption in communication results in reduced cognitive function due to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in the aetiology of many neurological illnesses. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which has the biggest and most exposed surface and desired properties to detect food, nutrients,and environmental variables as well as to distinguish commensals, invading pathogens, and others, includes the gut microbiome as an essential component. The relationship between the stomach and the central nervous system (CNS) in terms of health and sickness is well-known. Normal brain and emotional functioning depends on a healthy gut with a variety of microorganisms. Moreover, the majority of GI physiology is managed by the CNS. In order to maintain gut homeostasis and appropriate digestion, a complex and bidirectional molecular connection exists between the CNS and the gut/microbiome. In addition, a number of mechanisms, such as endocrine, neuronal, toll-like receptor, and metabolites-dependent pathways, have been postulated. Because changes in the bidirectional interaction between the GIT and the CNS are associated with the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal and neurological illness. Changing Lifestyle and health behaviors such as diet can be predominantly effective publichealth targets for disease prevention. There is increasing evidence that dietary interventions including dietary supplement and dietary restriction can prevent or even reverse the cognitive deficits seen in neurological disorders such as age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy that display this pathophysiology. There is now substantial evidence that diet promotes prevention and correction of neurological symptoms in a variety of pathological conditions. It also emphasizes the critical role of several possible routes for nutrient delivery to the risk of neurologic disease and treatment response, including metabolic management, epigenetic alteration, neuroinflammation, and gut-brain axis. The unique idea that dietary nutrition supplementation altersthe metabolism-epigenetics-immunity loop to treat brain dysfunction is highlighted last. The metabolism, epigenetics, and immune networks will be the focus of a novel strategy for overcoming neurological deficiencies. Diets based on plants, wild vegetables, low in fat, high in fiber, antioxidant-rich especially polyphenols, and adopting other healthy lifestyle choices may help to lessen the severity and impairment of common neurological illnesses. Such a diet is the ketogenic diet, which is preferred for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Multiple pathophysiological pathways are shared by a variety of neurological illnesses, including increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and disrupted metabolism. Dietary treatments may affect these pathophysiological functions and consequently improve or worsen clinical results. A spectrum of healthy lifestyle choices must include adequate nutritional choices.

The role of nutrition in health and disease has been appreciated from time immemorial. Around 400 B.C., Hippocrates wrote “Let food by thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” In the 12th century, the great philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides wrote “any disease that can be treated by diet should be treated by no other means.” Now, in the 21st century, we are bombarded by claims in the media of “superfoods,” wondrous nutritional supplements, and special diets that promise to cure or prevent disease, improve health and restore functioning. Much of the focus has been on neurological disease, brain health and psychological functioning (behavior, cognition, and emotion). The hyperbole aside, there has been considerable progress in the past decade in our understanding of the contribution of specific nutrients and dietary patterns to brain development, physiology, and functioning. This Special Issue of Brain Sciences is devoted to the latest research on the role of nutritional deficiencies and excesses in the genesis of brain dysfunction, and use of diet for the prevention and treatment of brain and mental disorders. Basic laboratory and clinical research studies of the immature, adult, and aged nervous system are all welcome.

The role of nutrition in health and disease has been appreciated from time immemorial. Around 400 B.C., Hippocrates wrote "Let food by thy medicine and medicine be thy food." In the 12th century, the great philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides wrote "any disease that can be treated by diet should be treated by no other means." Now, in the 21st century, we are bombarded by claims in the media of "superfoods," wondrous nutritional supplements, and special diets that promise to cure or prevent disease, improve health and restore functioning. Much of the focus has been on neurological disease, brain health and psychological functioning (behavior, cognition, and emotion). The hyperbole aside, there has been considerable progress in the past decade in our understanding of the contribution of specific nutrients and dietary patterns to brain development, physiology, and functioning. This Special Issue of Brain Sciences is devoted to the latest research on the role of nutritional deficiencies and excesses in the genesis of brain dysfunction, and use of diet for the prevention and treatment of brain and mental disorders. Basic laboratory and clinical research studies of the immature, adult, and aged nervous system are all welcome.

Diet and exercise have long been recognized as important components of a healthy lifestyle, as they have a great impact on improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions, lowering the risk of metabolic disorders, and contributing to healthy aging. As a greater proportion of the world’s population is living longer, there has been increased interest in understanding the role of nutrition and exercise in long-term neurological health and cognitive function. Diet and Exercise in Cognitive Function and Neurological Diseases discusses the role and impact that nutrition and activity have on cognitive function and neurological health. The book is divided into two sections. The first section focuses on diet and its impact on neurobiological processes. Chapters focus on the impacts of specific diets, such as the Mediterranean, ketogenic and vegan diets, as well as the role of specific nutrients, fats, fatty acids, and calorie restriction on neurological health and cognitive function. The second section of the book focuses on exercise, and its role in maintaining cognitive function, reducing neuroinflammatory responses, regulating adult neurogenesis, and healthy brain aging. Other chapters look at the impact of exercise in the management of specific neurological disorders such Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease. Diet and Exercise in Cognitive Function and Neurological Diseases is a timely reference on the neurobiological interplay between diet and exercise on long-term brain health and cognitive function.

'This is a fascinating book, by a leading researcher, covering one of the most exciting areas of modern nutritional research - how what we eat impacts our gut and brain. The combination of personal stories and cutting edge science is a real winner.' Michael Mosley You feel how you eat. We accept that the quality of our diet affects the health of our heart and liver. So why wouldn't diet - good or bad - affect the health of our brain? This is the question that Australian scientist Felice Jacka set out to answer. Having suffered depression and anxiety as a young woman, she wanted to understand the role diet plays in our overall mental and brain health. What she found through her own research and that of other eminent scientists worldwide will revolutionise the way we think about what we eat and how we care for our brains. * Obesity and depression are two major causes of disease and disability across the globe, and each influences the other. *Food does affect mood: highly processed foods increase depression risk, while a balanced, whole-food diet can prevent depression and improve mood. *A healthy diet improves gut health, and in turn health microbiota (gut bacteria) promote brain health and keep our weight in check. *A healthy diet improves brain performance at all ages, from school-age kids to their work-stressed parents. *The Mediterranean diet is linked to lower rates of Alzheimer's disease and general cognitive decline in older people. Professor Jacka, who leads the field of Nutritional Psychiatry research globally, provides not just the most recent scientific evidence but also a range of simple, practical solutions for improving the way we eat on a daily basis, including meal plans and a range of delicious recipes. This is not a diet book. This is a guide to the good habits that will protect your most precious organ, improve your quality of life and optimise mental and brain health across your lifespan. PRAISE FOR BRAIN CHANGER 'Jacka is leading the way in providing evidence-based approaches that are rooted in cutting-edge science to transform how we think about mental health.' Professor John Cryan

Diet and Nutrition in Neurological Disorders offers readers a comprehensive reference on the effect of dietary regimes in a wide variety of neurological diseases. With coverage of different types of diets, including Mediterranean or DASH, this broad coverage allows readers to learn about diets and their affect on specific disorders which may well be relevant to other conditions. This includes diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, MS and severe neurological conditions such as brain injury, stroke, headache and migraine. This volume provides a platform for research on new dietary regimes and on future investigations of diet and nutrition. Summarizes diet and nutrition research for a variety of neurological conditions Contains chapter abstracts, key facts, dictionary and summary Covers diet in Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s, ALS, MS, and more Includes conditions like migraine, headache, stroke, and brain injury Discusses the Mediterranean diet in the context of brain health