This annual publication is intended to promote the documentation and study of the folklife of the United States, to share the traditions, values, and activities of U.S. folk culture, and to serve as a national forum for the discussion of ideas and issues in folklore and folklife. The articles in this collection are: (1) "Eating in the Belly of the Elephant" (R. D. Abrahams), which delves into the differences between Afro-American folktales and European fairy tales; (2) "The Beau Geste: Shaping Private Rituals of Grief" (E. Brady); (3) "George Catlin and Karl Bodmer: Artists among the American Indians" (J. Gilreath); (4) "American Indian Powwow" (V. Brown and B. Toelken); (5) "Celebration: Native Events in Eastern Canada" (M. S. Cronk, et al.); (6) "Reverend C. L. Franklin: Black American Poet-Preacher" (J. T. Titon); (7) "John Henry Faulk: An Interview" (J. McNutt); (8) "The First Korean School of Silver Spring, Maryland" (L. Long); (9) "German-Russian Studies at Emmons Central High School, Strasburg, North Dakota" (T. J. Kloberdanz); (10) "The Hupa Indian Language School of Hoopa Valley, California" (L. Davis); and (11) "The Islamic School of Seattle, Seattle, Washington" (S. Dwyer-Shick). Many black and white and color photographs are included. (JB)

Folklife is the study of tradition, of what carries forward through time, providing continuity and identity with a place or an activity. This collection of articles is intended to provide a forum for the discussion of theories and procedures of folklife study and to demonstrate both the variety of folklife communities and the unexpected similarities displayed by seemingly disparate groups or situations. "Breakdancing" (S. Banes) traces the phenomenon of breakdancing from its origins on the streets of New York City in the early 1980s where it served as a nonviolent form of competition between gangs, or "crews," of youngsters through its transformation into a theatrical event. "Among the Qeros" (J. Cohen) details the return visit of a filmmaker to a remote region in the Andes of Peru and the changes he found there after only six months. "'Bleows'": The Whaling Complex in Bequia" (H. P. Beck) describes 19th century whaling customs still practiced on the island of Beguia in the Lesser Antilles. "The Kalevala: 150 Years, 1835-1985" (E. Brodunas) introduces this Finnish folk epic. "The Kalevala Process" (L. Honko) discusses the history of the epic, and "Partial Repentance of a Critic: The Kalavala, Politics, and the United States" (W. A. Wilson) is a critic's reassessment of The Kalevala. "Immigrant to Ethnic" (Y. H. Lockwood) has to do with the symbols of identity among Finnish Americans. "Minnesota Logging Camp, September 1937" (R. Lee) is a photographic essay. "Via Dolorosa" (A. Asplund) is the life story of a Finnish immigrant to the United States, and "Symposium on the Life Story" (E. D. Ives, et al.) provides commentary on the preceding article. Many black and white and color photographs are included. (JB)

Whether they're decorating Easter trees or celebrating Wagner's birthday by playing recordings of his Ring cycle operas and incinerating a model of Valhalla on an outdoor barbecue to the closing strains of "Gotterdämerung," Americans know both how to create and how to celebrate holidays. Jack Santino's guide to such frivolity is a wonderfully readable exploration of holidays, periods of festivity, and life-cycle rituals and celebrations. Santino draws on history, anthropology, popular culture, and folklore to show the intricate relationships between holidays and the roles that celebrations and rituals play in people's lives.