"Discusses the origin of flotation in mineral processing, describes the application of new flotation theories, and considers various alternative techniques, including flocculation and solvent sublation. Contains authoritative contributions from more than 45 international experts."

K.J.Ives Professor of Public Health Engineering University College London Industrial application of the use of bubbles to float fine particles in water began before the beginning of this century, in the field of mineral processing. Such bubble flotation was applied very little outside mineral processing, until about 1960 when the dissolved air process, which has already had some success in the pulp and paper industry, was applied to water and wastewater treatment. The subsequent two decades saw not only a growth development for water and wastewater treatment, but also a growing cognisance of the similarities that existed with mineral processing flotation. Therefore the time seemed ripe in 1982 for a joint meeting between experts in these two major fields of flotation to put together the Scientific Basis of Flotation in the form of a NATO Advanced Study Institute. Attended by about 60 specialists, mainly post doctoral, from 17 countries, this Study Institute in residence for two weeks in Christ's College, Cambridge (UK) heard presentations from several international experts, principally the 8 co-authors of this book. The integration of the various scientific disciplines of physics, physical chemistry, colloid science, hydrodynamics and process engineering showed where the common basiS, and occasional important differences, of flotation could be applied to mineral processing, water and wastewater treatment, and indeed some other process industries (for example: pharmaceuticals, and food manufacture).

The past 30 years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide that positive actions be taken to restore and protect the environment from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution – air, water, soil, and noise. Since pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unreal- tic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste continues to exist, we can only attempt to abate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been identi?ed: (1) How serious is the pollution? (2) Is the technology to abate it available? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? This book is one of the volumes of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series. The principal intention of this series is to help readers formulate answers to the last two questions above. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to speci?c pollution p- blems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution control. ” However, the realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken.

K.J.Ives Professor of Public Health Engineering University College London Industrial application of the use of bubbles to float fine particles in water began before the beginning of this century, in the field of mineral processing. Such bubble flotation was applied very little outside mineral processing, until about 1960 when the dissolved air process, which has already had some success in the pulp and paper industry, was applied to water and wastewater treatment. The subsequent two decades saw not only a growth development for water and wastewater treatment, but also a growing cognisance of the similarities that existed with mineral processing flotation. Therefore the time seemed ripe in 1982 for a joint meeting between experts in these two major fields of flotation to put together the Scientific Basis of Flotation in the form of a NATO Advanced Study Institute. Attended by about 60 specialists, mainly post doctoral, from 17 countries, this Study Institute in residence for two weeks in Christ's College, Cambridge (UK) heard presentations from several international experts, principally the 8 co-authors of this book. The integration of the various scientific disciplines of physics, physical chemistry, colloid science, hydrodynamics and process engineering showed where the common basiS, and occasional important differences, of flotation could be applied to mineral processing, water and wastewater treatment, and indeed some other process industries (for example: pharmaceuticals, and food manufacture).

Keeping pace with explosive developments in the field, Colloidal Science of Flotation reviews and updates the fundamentals of the bubble-particle collection phenomenon using a self-consistent approach that helps readers understand the hydrodynamic aspects of bubble-particle collection. The authors examine bubble rise velocity, water velocity around air bubbles, the thinning of intervening liquid films, the stability of particle-bubble aggregates, and macroscopic processes in froth. They also survey the applicability of emerging technologies in industrial flotation deinking, wastewater treatment, flotation of plastics, and improvements in minerals and coal flotation.

This volume covers topics on humanitarian engineering education of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and recent advances in potable water and wastewater flotation processes. The specific advancements covered include: chemical coagulation and precipitation enhancements, first wave of flotation advancement for potable water treatment, second wave of flotation technology advancement for wastewater treatment, innovative circular gravity flotation, fiber detection, fiber separation, independent physicochemical wastewater treatment systems, primary flotation clarification, secondary flotation clarification, tertiary treatment, activated sludge and flotation wastewater treatment, cold weather wastewater conditions, operation and performance of the AquaDAF process system, operation and performance of the Clari-DAF process system, water purification, spectrophotometric determination of dissolved proteins, biological and physicochemical sequencing batch reactors, and sedimentation and flotation comparisons. The book will be of value to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, to designers of flotation systems, and to scientists and researchers.

The present book is the outcome of an Advanced Study Institute meeting, which was held in Kallithea, Chalkidiki, in Northern Greece, from 12-25 May 1991 and attended by 69 delegates from 18 countries. The Institute brought together scientists, engineers and technologists currently involved in basic and applied research on the different aspects of flotation. The Institute covered subjects in four major areas of flotation: a) fundamentals; b) chemical technology aspects; c) mineral processing; and d) water and wastewater treatment. Apart from the papers reproduced in this volume, several short oral communications were also presented. Participants also had the opportunity to visit the Hellenic Chemical Products & Fertilizers Co. Ltd. mixed sulphides plant, in Chalkidiki. Conference participants, whose interest and research projects are in this broad field of science and engineering, provided a well-informed discussion of the problems encountered, as well as possible directions of future technological developments. It is hoped that this book is not only a good record of the presentations made (formal and informal), analyzing the state-of-the-art in flotation, but will also be helpful for students, scientists and technologists working in the fields of separation processes and in particular mineral processing and wastewater engineering. All the invited speakers and the participants made this summer school possible, worthwhile and enjoyable. The sponsorship by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division is gratefully ack nowledged. The Editors would like to thank the members of the Organizing Committee, Dr. B.A.