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Some time ago one of the editors (Gordon Tullock) stumbled on a paradox in the competition for rents. He asked a previous research assistant (William Hunter) to work out some examples and gave a seminar on it. For reasons he cannot recall (but probably bad) he titled his talk `Efficient Rent Seeking'. As Editor of Public Choice he was able to publish without a referee. Incidentally, The Journal of Political Economy had turned it down on the grounds that the economy could not be that chaotic, and hence there must be something wrong even if the referee couldn't put his finger on it. There followed a long series of articles, mainly in Public Choice, in which various distinguished scholars proposed solutions to the paradox. The editor responded by finding fault with these solutions. In this case the editor was arguing against interest. He, like the referee for the JPE, believed that the market works, if not perfectly, at least very well. Nevertheless, the paradox resisted and persisted. It was like the paradox of the liar, and indeed in some cases did show exactly that paradox. Eventually everyone, including the editor, grew tired of the matter and the discussion sort of wound down, although it could not be said that it was either solved or even abated. It also began to appear that it had a much larger scope than just competitive rent seeking. Any contest for wealth, privilege, or prestige in which the chances of winning were affected by the investment of the contestants would appear to be subject to the same problem. The sum of the investments in equilibrium might be much less than the prize or much more. It depended on the structure of the contest, but the range of structures seemed to include almost all economic competition. Clearly, from the standpoint of economics, this was a distressing conclusion. Perhaps the whole vast structure of economic analysis rested on faulty foundations. Speaking frankly, neither of the editors thinks the situation is that desperate. We feel that there is a logical solution, even if we do not know what it is. The purpose of this volume is to attempt to get economists to turn to the problem and, hopefully, solve the paradox. We present here a substantial portion of the literature on the matter. We hope that the readers will be stimulated to think about the problem and, even more, we hope they will be able to solve it.

The last survey of the rent-seeking literature took place more than a decade ago. Since that time a great deal of new research has been published in a wide variety of journals, covering a wide variety of topics. The scope of that research is such that very few researchers will be familiar with more than a small part of contemporary research, and very few libraries will be able to provide access to the full breadth of that research. This two-volume collection provides an extensive overview of 40 years of rent-seeking research. The volumes include the foundational papers, many of which have not been in print for two decades. They include recent game-theoretic analyses of rent-seeking contests and also appHcations of the rent-seeking concepts and methodology to economic regulation, international trade policy, economic history, poUtical com petition, and other social phenomena. The new collection is more than twice as large as any previous collection and both updates and extends the earlier surveys. Volume I contains previously published research on the theory of rent-seeking contests, which is an important strand of contemporary game theory. Volume II contains previously pubHshed research that uses the theory of rent-seeking to an alyze a broad range of public policy and social science topics. The editors spent more than a year assembling possible papers and, although the selections fill two large volumes, many more papers could have been included.

It is now twenty years since the concept of rent-seeking was first devised by Gordon Tullock, though he was not responsible for coining the phrase itself. His initial insight has burgeoned over two decades into a major research program which has had an impact not only on public choice, but also on the related disciplines of economics, political science, and law and economics. The reach of the insight has proved to be universal, with relevance not just for the democracies, but also, and arguably more important, for all forms of autocracy, irrespective of ideological com plexion. It is not surprising, therefore, that this volume is the third edited publication dedicated specifically to scholarship into rent-seeking behavior. The theory of rent-seeking bridges normative and positive analyses of state action. In its normative dimension, rent-seeking scholarship has expanded, enlivened, in some respects turned on its head, the traditional welfare analyses of such features of modern economics as monopoly, externalities, public goods, and trade protection devices. In its positive dimension, rent-seeking contributions have provided an important analy tical perspective from which to understand and to predict the behavior of politicians, interest groups and bureaucrats, the media and the academy within the political market place. This bridge between normative and positive elements of analysis is invaluable in facilitating an understanding of and evaluating the costs of state activity within a consistent paradigm.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2018 in the subject Leadership and Human Resource Management - Management Styles, grade: 4.1, University of Kelaniya, language: English, abstract: The objective of the study is to explore the specific charismatic behavioural characteristics in leaders of virtual teams. The charismatic leadership model developed by Conger and Kanungo (1988) is the main theoretical framework for building this research argument. The Sri Lankan BPO sector was selected as the study setting and its virtuality was primarily tested using the virtuality index. The study is a mixed method research study and followed a sequential exploratory mixed method design. The quantitative data was collected by a survey method using C-K scale and qualitative data collection was based on in-depth interviews and focused group discussions based on the questionnaire draws from the C-K scale. Factor analysis was employed to capture the behavioural characteristics of virtual charismatic leaders. Furthermore, the study found that charismatic leadership behaviours were present in the team leaders in BPO companies. The Factor Analysis created a new array of factors to describe the charismatic leadership behaviours in a virtual context. The major contribution emphasized a new set of charismatic leadership behaviours present in leaders of virtual teams. A new model of virtual charismatic leadership was developed including seven behavioural characteristics. By comparing the charismatic behaviours of the Conger and Kanungo model and the proposed model, it was able to discover three behaviours that are unique to the virtual setting, to put forward the originality of the study: They are building trust in followers, the adaptive behaviour, and dealing with diversity. This study added new dimensions to charismatic leadership and can be seen as an extension to the existing model of charismatic leadership of Conger and Kanungo (1998). Next, a detailed behavioural profile of virtual charismatic leaders was developed. In addition, to a concise conceptualization of virtual charismatic leadership it was also given to enrich the literature on leadership. The contribution to the knowledge and the implications were also elaborated, followed by future research directions.

Synopsis The world was broke. Times were hard. The future was narrowing, darkly. Janie Girard lived alone in her world like others who had become single and frightened. The fact that the now-impoverished government was posturing for an out-and-out war between all peoples was evident. She was a young widow who lived with Captain Johnny, her Cockatoo, and her tenant, Everett Abraham. They shared her run-down Victorian house, in a once-beautiful, affluent neighborhood, full of foreclosed, empty houses. On a bus, Janie discovered that she had a “twin”. Dee Mackey, her “other”, lived with her husband Tate, a disabled veteran, who was being treated by Dr. Frank Laramy, a court psychiatrist that dealt with the hopeless and criminally insane. He told Tate that he was working on a remedy to cure his ills. He also would replace the eye he had lost in the war by using a serum made from various DNA particles found in human, plant, and animal cells. He promised him a new life where nothing would harm him, and success in whatever endeavor he chose would be possible with his “Mega Mix.” Laramy was a lunatic, himself, and an impassioned amateur geneticist. He mixed cell fragments of random life forms to make myriad one-of-a-kind beings. He had no idea what an unstoppable fix he was creating. When his “things” got out of control, his mission became evil; he morphed into one of his own creations, regretting giving being born the first time

The Routledge Companion to Reward Management provides a prestige reference work and a state-of-the-art compilation, mapping out contemporary developments and debates on rewarding people in employment, and how they relate to business, corporate governance and management. Reward management stands at the interdisciplinary interface between economics, industrial relations and HRM, industrial psychology and organisational sociology, and increasingly corporate governance incorporating debates around equity and fairness in and around the employment relationship and wider capital-labour relations. In recent years, trade union decline and widening differentials between those employed at the top of organisations have generated critical commentary in the popular media which can negatively impact on social cohesion. Theoretically underpinned but practically oriented, this Companion will synthesise these trends and controversies around issues while tracing conceptual and empirical provenance, currency and future prospects. It will be an invaluable resource for student and researchers in reward management, corporate governance, management and HRM seeking convenient access to an area which is highly complex and controversial in application.