Territorial use rights in fisheries (TURFs) have existed for centuries. They are widely available for sedentary resources. In addition, however, they have appeared in a number of marine fisheries in traditional communities and are also being acquired, legally or extra-legally, for such techniques as floating fish aggregation devices and other forms of fixed gear. TURFs provide interesting opportunities for dealing with two major aspects of fisheries management -efficient production of net benefits and equitable distribution of benefits. Further exploration of the possible adoption of TURFs as a means for management seem desirable. This paper explores some of the definitional elements of TURFs and the distinctions between territorial rights and common property. It also exercises some of the conditions that may have an effect on the creation and maintenance of TURFs. And it discusses briefly some of the implications for equitable distribution of benefits.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich VWL - Umweltökonomie, Note: 2,0, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel (Umwelt-, Ressourcen- und Ökologische Ökonomik), Veranstaltung: Ressourcenökonomik / Nachhaltigkeitsökonomik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In den vergangenen 40 Jahren ist der durchschnittliche Fischkonsum einer einzigen Person auf das ganze Jahr bezogen stetig angestiegen. Gleichzeitig hat sich der Anteil der weltweiten Bestände, welche als voll ausgebeutet oder als „übernutzt“ einzustufen sind, von 65% im Jahre 1995 auf 80% im Jahre 2005 ausgeweitet. Seit Jahrzehnten werden verschiedene Maßnahmen ergriffen, um das Ausmaß dieses Zustandes einzudämmen und eine nachhaltige Nutzung der natürlichen Ressource Fisch zu schaffen. Dabei stehen Regulierungsmaßnahmen im Mittelpunkt, welche zum einen zur Regeneration der überfischten Bestände und zum anderen zur Verhinderung weiterer Schädigungen der Ökosysteme beitragen sollen. In der Literatur existiert eine Vielzahl an Studien, die den direkten Zusammenhang solcher Erhaltungsmaßnahme auf das zugrundeliegende Erhaltungsziel beschreiben. Jedoch fehlte es bislang an Forschungen, die nicht nur die direkte Auswirkung analysieren, sondern auch die zusätzlichen Effekte einer Regulierungsmaßnahme auf andere im Ökosystem lebende Arten. Diese Lücke versuchten Gelcich et. al. 2008 mit ihrer Studie zu schließen, indem sie die direkten und zusätzlichen Auswirkungen sogenannter territorialer Nutzungsrechte in Zentral-Chile untersuchten. Die Arbeit beginnt anhand eines vereinfachten Models des bioökonomischen Gleichgewichts einer Fischereiwirtschaft nach H. Scott Gordon aufzuzeigen, warum eine unregulierte Fischerei negative ökologische und ökonomische Folgen haben kann. Um diesen Problemen entgegenzuwirken werden anschließend Regulierungsmaßnahmen vorgestellt, die in der Praxis Anwendung finden und deren Implementierungsschwierigkeiten aufgezeigt. Im Hauptteil werden die Auswirkungen der Regulierungsmaßnahme territorialer Nutzungsrechte (TURFs) in Zentral-Chile anhand der Hypothese untersucht, dass ein Regulierungssystem nicht nur direkte Effekte auf das betreffende Erhaltungsobjekt hat, sondern auch zusätzlich sogenannte Add-On-Effekte auf andere Spezies aufweise kann. Die Arbeit schließt mit einer zusammenfassenden Schlussbetrachtung der wichtigsten Ergeb-nisse der Studie.

The third and main section of the document discusses ways of increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security through nine main entry points. First, the paper revisits conventional fisheries policies and legislation and makes suggestions on how those can be made more pro-poor. Next, the paper emphasizes the importance of capacity building and highlights how cross-sectoral interventions can greatly improve the livelihoods of fish-dependent communities. The paper then proposes a series of broad pro-poor or pro-small-scale fisheries principles, before discussing in greater detail three of the main management instruments adopted in fisheries: (i) property right approaches; (ii) co-management; and (iii) protected areas. The next two sub-sections discuss markets and how to make them work for the poor, and the important issue of pro-poor financing systems and subsidies.

The genesis of this conference was on a quay of the port of Bergen in March 1985. Ragnar Amason suggested to Phil Neher a small, mid-Atlantic conference on recent developments in fishery management. In the event, more than twenty papers were scheduled and over one hundred and fifty conferees were registered. Logistical complications were sorted through for a summer 1988 conference in Iceland. The really innovative management programs were in the South Pacific; Aus tralia and New Zealand had introduced Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs); and Iceland, Norway and Canada were also experimenting with quotas. It seemed to the program committee (Rognvaldur Hannesson and Geoffrey Waugh were soon on board) that these quotas had more or less characteristics of property rights. Property rights were also taking other forms in other places (time and area licenses, restrictive licensing of vessels and gear, traditional use rights). The idea of rights based fishing became the theme of the conference.

This handbook is the most comprehensive and interdisciplinary work on marine conservation and fisheries management ever compiled. It is the first to bridge fisheries and marine conservation issues. Its innovative ideas, detailed case studies, and governance framework provide a global special perspective over time and treat problems in the high seas, community fisheries, industrial fishing, and the many interactions between use and non-use of the oceans. Its policy tools and ideas for overcoming the perennial problems of over fishing, habitat and biodiversity loss address the facts that many marine ecosystems are in decline and plagued by overexploitation due to unsustainable fishing practices. An outstanding feature of the book is the detailed case-studies on conservation practice and fisheries management from around the world. These case studies are combined with 'foundation' chapters that provide an overview of the state of the marine world and innovative and far reaching perspectives about how we can move forward to face present and future challenges. The contributors include the world's leading fisheries scientists, economists, and managers. Ecosystem and incentive-based approaches are described and complemented by tools for cooperative, participatory solutions. Unique themes treated: fisher behavior and incentives for management beyond rights-based approaches; a synthesis of proposed 'solutions'; a framework for understanding and overcoming the critical determinants of the decline in fisheries, degradation of marine ecosystems, and poor socio-economic performance of many fishing communities; models for innovative policy instruments; a plan of action and adoption pathways to promote sustainable fishing practices globally. Collectively, the handbook's many valuable contributions offer a way forward to both understanding and resolving the multifaceted problems facing the world's oceans.

The 2018 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture emphasizes the sector’s role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals, and measurement of progress towards these goals. It notes the particular contributions of inland and small-scale fisheries, and highlights the importance of rights-based governance for equitable and inclusive development. As in past editions, the publication begins with a global analysis of trends in fisheries and aquaculture production, stocks, processing and use, trade and consumption, based on the latest official statistics, along with a review of the status of the world’s fishing fleets and human engagement and governance in the sector. Topics explored in Parts 2 to 4 include aquatic biodiversity; the ecosystem approach to fisheries and to aquaculture; climate change impacts and responses; the sector’s contribution to food security and human nutrition; and issues related to international trade, consumer protection and sustainable value chains. Global developments in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, selected ocean pollution concerns and FAO’s efforts to improve capture fishery data are also discussed. The issue concludes with the outlook for the sector, including projections to 2030. As always, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture aims to provide objective, reliable and up-to- date information to a wide audience, including policy-makers, managers, scientists, stakeholders and indeed all those interested in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.

This book provides a comprehensive attempt to adopt an 'integrated' interdisciplinary approach to the study of fisheries. Fisheries are discussed as holistic 'systems', with emphasis on their structure, operation and dynamics. The book's interdisciplinary approach is applied to an analysis of problems faced in pursuing 'sustainable fisheries', with emphasis on six dominant themes: sustainability, uncertainty, complexity, conflict, fishing rights and the nature of management. Within this discussion, several major directions in current fishery thinking are explored, notably the precautionary approach, the ecosystem approach, co-management, and robust management for resilient fisheries.