The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these confined carriers and the optic and acoustic phonons within and around the confined regions. Phonons provide the principal channel of energy transfer between the carriers and their surroundings and also the main restriction to their room temperature mobility. But they have many other roles; they provide, for example, an essential feature of the operation of the quantum cascade laser. Since their momenta at relevant energies are well matched to those of electrons, they can also be used to probe electronic properties such as the confinement width of 2D electron gases and the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The book describes both the physics of the electron-phonon interaction in the different confined systems and the experimental and theoretical techniques that have been used in its investigation. The experimental methods include optical and transport techniques as well as techniques in which phonons are used as the experimental probe. The aim of the book is to provide an up to date review of the physics and its significance in device performance. It is also written to be explanatory and accessible to graduate students and others new to the field.

The book details sources of thermal energy, methods of capture, and applications. It describes the basics of thermal energy, including measuring thermal energy, laws of thermodynamics that govern its use and transformation, modes of thermal energy, conventional processes, devices and materials, and the methods by which it is transferred. It covers 8 sources of thermal energy: combustion, fusion (solar) fission (nuclear), geothermal, microwave, plasma, waste heat, and thermal energy storage. In each case, the methods of production and capture and its uses are described in detail. It also discusses novel processes and devices used to improve transfer and transformation processes.

Energy transport and conversion in nanoscale structures is a rapidly expanding area of science. It looks set to make a significant impact on human life and, with numerous commercial developments emerging, will become a major academic topic over the coming years. Owing to the difficulty in experimental measurement, computational simulation has becom

There have been few books devoted to the study of phonons, a major area of condensed matter physics. The Physics of Phonons is a comprehensive theoretical discussion of the most important topics, including some topics not previously presented in book form. Although primarily theoretical in approach, the author refers to experimental results wherever possible, ensuring an ideal book for both experimental and theoretical researchers. The author begins with an introduction to crystal symmetry and continues with a discussion of lattice dynamics in the harmonic approximation, including the traditional phenomenological approach and the more recent ab initio approach, detailed for the first time in this book. A discussion of anharmonicity is followed by the theory of lattice thermal conductivity, presented at a level far beyond that available in any other book. The chapter on phonon interactions is likewise more comprehensive than any similar discussion elsewhere. The sections on phonons in superlattices, impure and mixed crystals, quasicrystals, phonon spectroscopy, Kapitza resistance, and quantum evaporation also contain material appearing in book form for the first time. The book is complemented by numerous diagrams that aid understanding and is comprehensively referenced for further study. With its unprecedented wide coverage of the field, The Physics of Phonons will be indispensable to all postgraduates, advanced undergraduates, and researchers working on condensed matter physics.

The fascinating two-dimensional (2D) materials are being unconsciously applied in various fields from science to engineering, which is benefited from the glamorous physical and chemical properties of mechanics, optics, electronics, and magnetism. The representative 2D thermoelectric/piezoelectric materials can directly convert thermal/mechanical energy into electrical energy, which can resolve the energy issues and avoid further environmental deterioration. The thermoelectric or piezoelectric properties of various 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), arsenene, metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), and so on, have been investigated in detail. Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the past few years, these properties still need to be improved for their practical application by designing new 2D materials, strain engineering, chemical functionalization, etc. In addition to this, in 2D materials, there are many other novel physical properties, such as magnetism, topology, valley, and so on. The combination of thermoelectricity/piezoelectricity with other unique properties may lead to novel device applications or scientific breakthroughs in new physics. Overall, the emergence of 2D thermoelectric and piezoelectric materials has expanded energy conversion research dramatically. By combing this new device concept with the novel 2D materials, original devices should have potential applications in energy harvesting.

This comprehensive tutorial guide to silicon nanomaterials spans from fundamental properties, growth mechanisms, and processing of nanosilicon to electronic device, energy conversion and storage, biomedical, and environmental applications. It also presents core knowledge with basic mathematical equations, tables, and graphs in order to provide the reader with the tools necessary to understand the latest technology developments. From low-dimensional structures, quantum dots, and nanowires to hybrid materials, arrays, networks, and biomedical applications, this Sourcebook is a complete resource for anyone working with this materials: Covers fundamental concepts, properties, methods, and practical applications. Focuses on one important type of silicon nanomaterial in every chapter. Discusses formation, properties, and applications for each material. Written in a tutorial style with basic equations and fundamentals included in an extended introduction. Highlights materials that show exceptional properties as well as strong prospects for future applications. Klaus D. Sattler is professor physics at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, having earned his PhD at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich. He was honored with the Walter Schottky Prize from the German Physical Society, and is the editor of the sister work also published by Taylor & Francis, Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, as well as the acclaimed multi-volume Handbook of Nanophysics.

Low-Dimensional Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties and Applications provides an in-depth look at halide perovskite materials and their applications. Chapters cover history, fundamentals, physiochemical and optoelectronic properties, synthesis and characterization of traditional and Pb-free halide perovskites. The book concludes with sections describing the different applications of halide perovskites for solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photo detectors, as well as the challenges faced in the industrialization of halide perovskite-based devices and forward-thinking prospects for further deployment. - Discusses the applications of halide perovskites according to their dimensionality - Includes a look at current challenges for the commercialization of halide perovskites, while also previewing some possible solutions - Presents alternative environmentally-friendly materials that can used to replace the current toxic materials-based halide perovskites