Since the early 1980s, Korea’s financial development has been a tale of liberalization and opening. After the 1997 financial crisis, great strides were made in building a market-oriented financial system through sweeping reforms for deregulation and the opening of financial markets. However, the new system failed to steer the country away from a credit card boom and bust in 2003, a liquidity crisis in 2008, and a run on its savings banks in 2011, and has been severely tested again by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Financial liberalization, clearly, has been no panacea. This study analyzes the deepening of and structural changes in Korea’s financial system since the early 1980s and presents the empirical results of the effects of financial development on economic growth, stability, and the distribution of income. It finds that, contrary to conventional wisdom, financial liberalization has contributed little to fostering the growth and stability of the Korean economy and has exacerbated income distribution problems. Are there any merits in financial liberalization? The authors answer this query through empirical examinations of the theories of finance and growth. They point to a clear need to further improve the efficiency, soundness, and stability of Korean financial institutions and markets.

Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich VWL - Konjunktur und Wachstum, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Basically, the Korea’s financial sector has gone through three development period under two different types of financial systems. During these three periods, in theory, two financial systems were applied into the Korea’s financial sector: the relationship-based (or state-led) system (from 1960s to late 1980s) and the market-based system (after late 1980s till now). But in fact, due to the differences in applying the market style into Korea, we can see in the second system’s time, there was obviously two periods, the period of ‘gradualism’ and the period of ‘Big Bang’ with the turning point is in 1997. Therefore, it is better to define the history of Korea’s financial development into three periods. The first period started from early 1960s (after the military coup which brought Park Chung Hee to the position of President) to the late 1980s, in which Korea’s economy was under the relationship-based system; the second period lasted from late 1980s to 1997 when the financial crisis occurred due to wrong policies under ‘gradualism’ and bad effects of the first period; and the last period started from 1997 up to now when Korea take ‘Big Bang’ approach to cure its illness after the failure in 1997. Researching the evolution of Korea’s financial system during the three periods as a whole process is important to collect experiences for under-developing country such as Vietnam to improve its financial system. Even though the conditions of Vietnam and Korea are different, but still, the logic behind each policy that the Korean government used in the past will be a big help to Vietnam as well as finding out the reasons of the failures that Korea did not avoid.

World Bank Discussion Paper No. 292. Examines the anatomy of the Republic of Korea's financial reform policy since 1979 in order to place the nation's financial reform plan of 1993 in a proper context. Financial deregulation in the Republic of Korea, initiated in 1979, coincided with similar programs in South America and East Asia. The reforms were successful in spite of a mild form of financial repression and a deregulation policy that ran an erratic course. The republic moved decisively in 1993 toward a conventional type of financial liberalization by announcing a blueprint of reforms to be implemented over a five-year period ending in 1997. This paper examines the anatomy of the Korean financial reform policy since 1979 in order to place its financial reform plan of 1993 in the proper context. The report presents a conceptual framework of the Korean financial system and policies, examines interest rate reforms on various levels, and discusses changes in the credit allocation system that were undertaken in earlier phases of the reforms. The book goes on to review the rationale of the final financial reform phase, the sequencing of its various elements, and the assessment. Broad conclusions are presented.

Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich VWL - Konjunktur und Wachstum, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Basically, the Korea's financial sector has gone through three development period under two different types of financial systems. During these three periods, in theory, two financial systems were applied into the Korea's financial sector: the relationship-based (or state-led) system (from 1960s to late 1980s) and the market-based system (after late 1980s till now). But in fact, due to the differences in applying the market style into Korea, we can see in the second system's time, there was obviously two periods, the period of 'gradualism' and the period of 'Big Bang' with the turning point is in 1997. Therefore, it is better to define the history of Korea's financial development into three periods. The first period started from early 1960s (after the military coup which brought Park Chung Hee to the position of President) to the late 1980s, in which Korea's economy was under the relationship-based system; the second period lasted from late 1980s to 1997 when the financial crisis occurred due to wrong policies under 'gradualism' and bad effects of the first period; and the last period started from 1997 up to now when Korea take 'Big Bang' approach to cure its illness after the failure in 1997. Researching the evolution of Korea's financial system during the three periods as a whole process is important to collect experiences for under-developing country such as Vietnam to improve its financial system. Even though the conditions of Vietnam and Korea are different, but still, the logic behind each policy that the Korean government used in the past will be a big help to Vietnam as well as finding out the reasons of the failures that Korea did not avoid.