1. 1 Scope of the Study The detailed and reasonably accurate computation of large scale turbulent flows has become increasingly important in geophysical and engi neering applications in recent years. The definition of water quality management policies for reservoirs, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters, as well as the design of cooling ponds and solar ponds, requires an ade quate quantitative description of turbulent flows. When the diffusion of some tracer (be it active, such as temperature or salinity, or passive, such as dissolved oxygen) is of relevance to a specific application, the proper determination of the effects of turbulent transport processes has paramount importance. Thus, for instance, the proper understanding of lake and reservoir dynamics requires, as a first step, the ability to simulate turbulent flows. Applications in other areas of geophysical research, such as meteorology and oceanography are easily identified and large in number. It should be stressed that, in this context, the analyst seeks predictive ability to a certain extent. Accordingly, the need for simulation models that closely resemble the natural processes to be repre sented has recently become more evident. Since the late 1960s considerable effort has been devoted to the development of models for the simulation of complex turbulent flows. This has resulted in the establishment of two approaches which have been, or 2 have the potential for being, applied to problems of engineering and geophysical interest.

The LES-method is rapidly developing in many practical applications in engineering The mathematical background is presented here for the first time in book form by one of the leaders in the field

Compressibility, Turbulence and High Speed Flow introduces the reader to the field of compressible turbulence and compressible turbulent flows across a broad speed range, through a unique complimentary treatment of both the theoretical foundations and the measurement and analysis tools currently used. The book provides the reader with the necessary background and current trends in the theoretical and experimental aspects of compressible turbulent flows and compressible turbulence. Detailed derivations of the pertinent equations describing the motion of such turbulent flows is provided and an extensive discussion of the various approaches used in predicting both free shear and wall bounded flows is presented. Experimental measurement techniques common to the compressible flow regime are introduced with particular emphasis on the unique challenges presented by high speed flows. Both experimental and numerical simulation work is supplied throughout to provide the reader with an overall perspective of current trends. - An introduction to current techniques in compressible turbulent flow analysis - An approach that enables engineers to identify and solve complex compressible flow challenges - Prediction methodologies, including the Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) method, scale filtered methods and direct numerical simulation (DNS) - Current strategies focusing on compressible flow control

After a brief review of the more popular turbulence models, the author presents and discusses accurate and efficient numerical methods for solving the boundary-layer equations with turbulence models based on algebraic formulas (mixing length, eddy viscosity) or partial-differential transport equations. A computer program employing the Cebeci-Smith model and the k-e model for obtaining the solution of two-dimensional incompressible turbulent flows without separation is discussed in detail and is presented in the accompanying CD.

This open access book features a selection of high-quality papers from the presentations at the International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods 2018, offering an overview of the depth and breadth of the activities within this important research area. The carefully reviewed papers provide a snapshot of the state of the art, while the extensive bibliography helps initiate new research directions.

The book is a concise guide dealing with the subject of air turbulence and its methods of detection with particular applications to aviation turbulence. It begins with a general description of turbulence and provides a background into the nature and causes of atmospheric turbulence that affect aircraft motion, giving updates on the state-of-the-art research on clear air turbulence (CAT). Important physical processes leading to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, a primary producer of CAT, are also explained. The several categories of CAT along with its impact on commercial aviation are also presented in a separate chapter, with particular emphasis on the structural damages to planes and injuries. The central theme of the book deals with both the earlier and the latest CAT detecting methods and techniques for remote and in situ sensing and forecasting. A concise presentation of new technologies for reducing aviation weather-related accidents is also offered. A chapter on the weather accident prevention project of the NASA aviation safety program is also included. Additionally, the book ends with a full description of the recent research activities on CAT and future challenges in turbulence detection, prediction and avoidance.