The history of how a deceptively ordinary piece of office furniture transformed our relationship with information The ubiquity of the filing cabinet in the twentieth-century office space, along with its noticeable absence of style, has obscured its transformative role in the histories of both information technology and work. In the first in-depth history of this neglected artifact, Craig Robertson explores how the filing cabinet profoundly shaped the way that information and data have been sorted, stored, retrieved, and used. Invented in the 1890s, the filing cabinet was a result of the nineteenth-century faith in efficiency. Previously, paper records were arranged haphazardly: bound into books, stacked in piles, curled into slots, or impaled on spindles. The filing cabinet organized loose papers in tabbed folders that could be sorted alphanumerically, radically changing how people accessed, circulated, and structured information. Robertson’s unconventional history of the origins of the information age posits the filing cabinet as an information storage container, an “automatic memory” machine that contributed to a new type of information labor privileging manual dexterity over mental deliberation. Gendered assumptions about women’s nimble fingers helped to naturalize the changes that brought women into the workforce as low-level clerical workers. The filing cabinet emerges from this unexpected account as a sophisticated piece of information technology and a site of gendered labor that with its folders, files, and tabs continues to shape how we interact with information and data in today’s digital world.

If you have ever watched the stacks of papers, magazins, clippings, and projects pile up out of control, File...Don't Pile will provide fast, easy practical advice. More than a collection of random hints, this handy guide presents systems of organization for every conceivable type of household paper. Topics covered include: -How to cut through the clutter-the 5 step solution -Choosing the right paper-control system for your needs -10 questions to determine whether to save a piece of paper -Categorizing, tab systems, coding systems, indexing, cross-referencing -How to plan for growth and expansion -Keeping files current and useful-the 4 step maintenance plan -Creating and using a personal business file Plus comprehensive systems for organizing mail, greeting cards, a Rolodex, newspapers, and magazines, coupons, and much more, including sample file headings for a wide variety of useful subjects. File..Don't Pile is the fast prescription for anyone drowning in household paper.

In connection with your request that we evaluate the effectiveness of the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) computer controls over its external access points and internal networks and systems, we assessed the effectiveness of key computer controls designed to ensure the security, privacy, and reliability of IRS electronic filing systems and electronically filed taxpayer data during last year s tax filing season. This report discusses computer control weaknesses that existed in IRS electronic filing systems during the 2000 tax filing season and describes actions IRS has taken to correct these weaknesses prior to the current 2001 tax filing season.