This book is a provisional essay, followed by a vocabulary and an index, on the Tagalogs' world view in the Sixteenth Century. It is mainly based on the entries of the earliest dictionaries of the Tagalog language. These were written by Spanish lexicographers about half-a-century after the conquest of the Philippines (Cebu 1565, Manila 1571). Additional data are drawn from Spanish chronicles. Many of the recorded beliefs and customs were already obsolete at the turn of the Seventeenth Century. Some are extremely surprising, starting from the primeval myth according to which the world had no solid land at its beginning, but only two fluids, water and air.

No doubt this book will meet the demand of historians, linguists, mathematicians, numismatists, philippinologists and tagalists as well as all the readers interested in the unusual. Like the 1992 article on which it is based, this book is the first one in English to broach the difficult subject of numeral expressions in Old Tagalog and the various concepts and measures associated with them. The book is about ten times as long as the article because it comprises a lexicon that deals with gold, money, taxes, usury, units of measurement, etc. Examples are numerous and generally drawn from such classics as the grammar of San Joseph (1610), Pinpin's manual (1610), the dictionaries of San Buenaventura (1613) and Noceda & Sanlucar (1754, 1860). Differently from the majority of publications on Tagalog, all the terms and examples are fully accented according to a precise system developed by the author, and explained in an appendix.

From dimensional appliqu� to lively, eye-catching zig-zag designs, these greeting card techniques will delight the creative crafter in search of inspiration. It’s not a collection of projects, but an encyclopedia chock-full of fabulous ideas that card makers can use in whatever way they want, for whatever type of card they need. There’s so much to select from: fast, easy, and elegant die-cut cards; foam cutouts posted on colorful patterned papers; lacy greetings that incorporate doilies; and even sparkling, bejeweled ones. In addition to all the basics on tools, there’s information on choosing cardstock; selecting pretty embellishments; and making personalized envelopes.

Spoken English is ideal but written English has the world's worst spelling. Now Professor Coleman, a long-time expert, presents Clearspell, with ten great reform benefits making the spoken and written forms agree logically, clearly and concisely. Clearspell is unambiguous. A Clearspell word sounds exactly as the spelling indicates - unlike a vast number of words with the usual spelling. English spelling is famously hard to learn. For foreign students Clearspell is a real boon. But it is a spelling system in its own right. Read this book and see how much easier it could all be.

Personalization or monograming has been around for thousands of years. It appears on currency, insignias, and clothing, and it has been used on embroideries for centuries. From linens and clothing to baby items and household goods, putting one's initial or initials on something imparts a unique classic style. Add a single letter for personalization or a traditional three-letter monogram to items like hand towels, photo albums, or pillows. Personalize shirts, scarves, bookmarks, or tote bags. This book features nine alphabets that are perfect for adding a personal touch to nearly anything. The alphabets are divided into three categories: Clean & Classic, Elegant & Exquisite, and Fun & Funky, each of which features three alphabets with letters that can be easily combined to create names or words. The colors can be altered and the fabrics changed to create projects that are functional, beautiful, and one of a kind. The alphabets here range from simple, clean lines to fanciful letters made of flowers. There are classic bordered letters and whimsical letters made with bright colors. The finishing on every project is simple, with easy-to-follow instructions addressed step by step in the Finishing chapter. Your creations will be treasured for years to come. We hope that you enjoy the designs and unique finishing ideas in this book and will decorate your stitching with Lovely Letters.