La simulation numérique fiable des performances de turbines hydrauliques suppose : i) de pouvoir inclure dans les calculs RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) traditionnellement mis en œuvre l'effet des incertitudes qui existent en pratique sur les conditions d'entrée de l'écoulement; ii) de pouvoir faire appel à une stratégie de type SGE (Simulation des Grandes Echelles) pour améliorer la description des effets de la turbulence lorsque des écarts subsistent entre calculs RANS et résultats d'essai de référence même après prise en compte des incertitudes. Les présents travaux mettent en oeuvre une démarche non intrusive de quantification d'incertitude (NISP pour Non-Intrusive Spectral Projection) pour deux configurations d'intérêt pratique : un distributeur de turbine Francis avec débit et angle d'entrée incertains et un aspirateur de turbine bulbe avec conditions d'entrée (profils de vitesse,en particulier en proche paroi, et grandeurs turbulentes) incertaines. L'approche NISP est utilisée non seulement pour estimer la valeur moyenne et la variance de quantités d'intérêt mais également pour disposer d'une analyse de la variance qui permet d'identifier les incertitudes les plus influentes. Les simulations RANS, vérifiées par une démarche de convergence en maillage, ne permettent pas pour la plupart des configurations analysées d'expliquer les écarts calcul / expérience grâce à la prise en compte des incertitudes d'entrée.Nous mettons donc également en ouvre des simulations SGE en faisant appel à une stratégie originale d'évaluation de la qualité des maillages utilisés dans le cadre d'une démarche de vérification des calculs SGE. Pour une majorité des configurations analysées, la combinaison d'une stratégie SGE et d'une démarche de quantification des incertitudes permet de produire des résultats numériques fiables. La prise en compte des incertitudes d'entrée permet également de proposer une démarche d'optimisation robuste du distributeur de turbine Francis étudié.

CE TRAVAIL DE THESE CONTRIBUE A LA COMPREHENSION PHYSIQUE ET A LA MODELISATION DES EFFETS DE LA COMPRESSIBILITE DANS LES ECOULEMENTS CISAILLES OU COMPRIMES A GRANDE VITESSE. DEUX APPROCHES DISTINCTES ONT ETE UTILISEES: UNE ANALYSE LINEAIRE DITE DE DISTORSION RAPIDE ET LA SIMULATION NUMERIQUE DIRECTE. DES TRAVAUX RECENTS AYANT MONTRE LA PERTINENCE DE LA THEORIE DE DISTORSION RAPIDE, NOUS NOUS SOMMES APPUYES SUR CES RESULTATS POUR LA GENERALISER A UNE TURBULENCE COMPRESSIBLE SOUMISE A UN CHAMP MOYEN COMPATIBLE AVEC L'HYPOTHESE D'HOMOGENEITE STATISTIQUE DE LA TURBULENCE. L'ANALYSE DIMENSIONNELLE DES EQUATIONS LINEARISEES DU MOUVEMENT MET EN EVIDENCE LE ROLE ESSENTIEL D'UN PARAMETRE SANS DIMENSION, APPELE NOMBRE DE MACH DE GRADIENT ; CE PARAMETRE DEFINI COMME LE RAPPORT DU TEMPS ACOUSTIQUE ET DU TEMPS CARACTERISTIQUE ASSOCIE A LA DEFORMATION MOYENNE, DETERMINE LA FORCE DES COUPLAGES INDUITS PAR LA DEFORMATION MOYENNE, ENTRE LES MODES DE VITESSE SOLENOIDAUX (OU INCOMPRESSIBLES) ET DILATATIONNEL (OU ROTATIONNEL), ET LE MODE DE PRESSION. UN CODE DE CALCUL RESOLVANT LES EQUATIONS LINEARISEES DU MOUVEMENT A ETE DEVELOPPE ET, VALIDE A PARTIR DE DEFORMATIONS MOYENNES POUR LESQUELLES DES SOLUTIONS ANALYTIQUES EXISTENT (COMPRESSIONS ISOTROPE ET AXIALE UNI-DIMENSIONNELLE). LE CAS DU CISAILLEMENT PUR PLAN A ETE PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT ETUDIE ; LES RESULTATS OBTENUS A L'AIDE DU CODE DE DISTORSION RAPIDE, POUR UNE LARGE GAMME DE VALEURS DU NOMBRE DE MACH DE GRADIENT, SONT COMPARES AVEC DES SIMULATIONS NUMERIQUES DIRECTES DES EQUATIONS DE NAVIER-STOKES COMPLETES. ILS CONFIRMENT L'ADEQUATION DU NOMBRE DE MACH DE GRADIENT A CARACTERISER LES EFFETS DE LA COMPRESSIBILITE ; ET, MONTRENT, EN PARTICULIER, QUE L'EFFET STABILISANT INHERENT A LA COMPRESSIBILITE INTRINSEQUE DE L'ECOULEMENT - QUE L'ON PENSAIT DU A DES MECANISMES NON-LINEAIRES, EST CAPTURE PAR L'ANALYSE DE DISTORSION RAPIDE. SON ORIGINE EST DONC, DANS DES PHENOMENES TELS QUE LA RESTRUCTURATION DE L'ANISOTROPIE DU CHAMP DE VITESSE ET DU CHAMP DE PRESSION, GOUVERNES PAR DES EQUATIONS LINEAIRES

This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

The proceedings of the 9th conference on "Finite Volumes for Complex Applications" (Bergen, June 2020) are structured in two volumes. The first volume collects the focused invited papers, as well as the reviewed contributions from internationally leading researchers in the field of analysis of finite volume and related methods. Topics covered include convergence and stability analysis, as well as investigations of these methods from the point of view of compatibility with physical principles. Altogether, a rather comprehensive overview is given on the state of the art in the field. The properties of the methods considered in the conference give them distinguished advantages for a number of applications. These include fluid dynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, structural analysis, nuclear physics, semiconductor theory, carbon capture utilization and storage, geothermal energy and further topics. The second volume covers reviewed contributions reporting successful applications of finite volume and related methods in these fields. The finite volume method in its various forms is a space discretization technique for partial differential equations based on the fundamental physical principle of conservation. Many finite volume methods preserve further qualitative or asymptotic properties, including maximum principles, dissipativity, monotone decay of free energy, and asymptotic stability, making the finite volume methods compatible discretization methods, which preserve qualitative properties of continuous problems at the discrete level. This structural approach to the discretization of partial differential equations becomes particularly important for multiphysics and multiscale applications. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, PhD and master’s level students in numerical analysis, scientific computing and related fields such as partial differential equations, as well as engineers working in numerical modeling and simulations.

Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.

Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is the established essential text for the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Now in its second edition, it has been entirely updated and substantially extended to reflect advances in technology, research into rotor aerodynamics and the structural response of the wind turbine structure. Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behaviour of a turbine. The new material includes a description of the effects of the dynamics and how this can be modelled in an ?aeroelastic code?, which is widely used in the design and verification of modern wind turbines. Further, the description of how to calculate the vibration of the whole construction, as well as the time varying loads, has been substantially updated.

This publication results from a technical meeting on phenomenology and technologies relevant to in-vessel melt retention (IVMR) and ex-vessel corium cooling (EVCC). The purpose of the publication is to capture the state of knowledge, at the time of that meeting, related to phenomenology and technologies as well as the challenges and pending issues relevant to IVMR and EVCC for water cooled reactors by summarizing the information provided by the meeting participants in a form useful to practitioners in Member States.