This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This easy-to-read book introduces the basics of solving partial differential equations by means of finite difference methods. Unlike many of the traditional academic works on the topic, this book was written for practitioners. Accordingly, it especially addresses: the construction of finite difference schemes, formulation and implementation of algorithms, verification of implementations, analyses of physical behavior as implied by the numerical solutions, and how to apply the methods and software to solve problems in the fields of physics and biology.

This supplement was written for the purpose of extending the scope of the original paper, by providing a more complete set of system-performance design equations, which apply to the Frequency Division Multiplex--Frequency Modulation type of multichannel telecommunication systems; these equations may be used for various types, and combinations of types, of message signals. The page numbers of this paper correspond to the pages in "The National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 100", on the topic of FDM-FM systems-performance calculations, based primarily on the FM radio receiver transfer function. The referenced page numbers and equation numbers in this paper refer, of course, to NBS Technical Note 100.

This book covers 3D printing activities by fused deposition modeling process. The two introductory chapters discuss the principle, types of machines and raw materials, process parameters, defects, design variations and simulation methods. Six chapters are devoted to experimental work related to process improvement, mechanical testing and characterization of the process, followed by three chapters on post-processing of 3D printed components and two chapters addressing sustainability concerns. Seven chapters discuss various applications including composites, external medical devices, drug delivery system, orthotic inserts, watertight components and 4D printing using FDM process. Finally, six chapters are dedicated to the study on modeling and optimization of FDM process using computational models, evolutionary algorithms, machine learning, metaheuristic approaches and optimization of layout and tool path.

This book has evolved primarily from lecture notes for data communications courses taught at Georgia State University since 1969. Additional material was derived from seminar presentations that were made during this period as well as from consulting work. Teaching data communications in the College of Business Administration influenced the point of view of this material, giving it a semitechnical orientation. This point of view has been extended to the prepara tion of this book. Only those technical details were included which, it was felt, would lead the student to a better understanding of the subject. References are provided for those who desire further information in particular areas. The reader for whom this book is intended is the nontechnical person who has some knowledge of computer technology and who wishes to extend that knowledge to the field of data communications. The two key points stressed in this book are terminology and concepts. The objectives of this book are to enable the student: 1. To read articles in the field of data communications with an understand ing of their content. 2. To be able to engage in knowledgeable discussions with communica tions engineers on the subject of data communications. 3. To design and implement the hardware aspects of applications using data communications. The software that would be involved is beyond the scope of this book except where protocols are considered. v vi Preface 4. To effectively evaluate proposals for the implementation of data com munications systems.

The unifying approach of functional analysis is to view functions as points in abstract vector space and the differential and integral operators as linear transformations on these spaces. The author's goal is to present the basics of functional analysis in a way that makes them comprehensible to a student who has completed courses in linear algebra and real analysis, and to develop the topics in their historical contexts.

The protocols and standards for networking are numerous and complex. Multivendor internetworking, crucial to present day users, requires a grasp of these protocols and standards. Data and Computer Communications: Networking and Internetworking, a comprehensive text/reference, brings clarity to all of the complex issues involved in networking activity, providing excellent instruction for students and an indispensable reference for practitioners. This systematic work answers a vast array of questions about overall network architecture, design, protocols, and deployment issues. It offers a practical, thorough treatment of the applied concepts of data and computer communication systems, including signaling basics, transmission of digital signals, and layered architecture. The book features in-depth discussions of integrated digital networks, integrated services digital networks, and high-speed networks, including currently evolving technologies, such as ATM switching, and their applications in multimedia technology. It also presents the state-of-the-art in Internet technology, its services, and implementations. The balance of old and new networking technologies presents an appealing set of topics for both undergraduate students and computer and networking professionals. This book presents all seven layers of OSI-based networks in great detail, covering services, functions, design issues, interfacing, and protocols. With its introduction to the basic concepts and practical aspects of the field, Data and Computer Communications: Networking and Internetworking helps you keep up with the rapidly growing and dominating computer networking technology.