Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment
Title | Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment PDF eBook |
Author | Harrie F.G. van Dijk |
Publisher | Springer Science & Business Media |
Pages | 286 |
Release | 2013-04-17 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 940171536X |
Global pesticide use is currently estimated at approximately 2. 5 billion kg per year (Pimentel eta/. , 1998). To be effective, pesticides need to persist for a certain period of time. However, the longer their persistence, the greater the potential for transport of a fraction of the amount applied away from the target area. Pesticides are dispersed in the environment by water currents, wind, or biota. Pesticides can directly contaminate ground and surface waters by leaching, surface run-off and drift. Pesticides can also enter the atmosphere during application by evaporation and drift of small spray droplets, that remain airborne. Following application, pesticides may volatilise from the crop or the soil. Finally, wind erosion can cause soil particles and dust loaded with pesticides to enter the atmosphere. The extent to which pesticides enter the air compartment is dependent upon many factors: the properties of the substance in question (e. g. vapour pressure), the amount used, the method of application, the formulation, the weather conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity), the nature of the crop and soil characteristics. Measurements at application sites reveal that sometimes more than half of the amount applied is lost into the atmosphere within a few days (Spencer and Cliath, 1990; Taylor and Spencer; 1990; Van den Berg et a/. , this issue).
Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere
Title | Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere PDF eBook |
Author | Harrie F. G. Van Dijk |
Publisher | |
Pages | 288 |
Release | 2014-03-14 |
Genre | |
ISBN | 9789401715379 |
Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment
Title | Fate of Pesticides in the Atmosphere: Implications for Environmental Risk Assessment PDF eBook |
Author | Harrie F.G. van Dijk |
Publisher | Springer |
Pages | 0 |
Release | 1999-10-31 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 9780792359944 |
Global pesticide use is currently estimated at approximately 2. 5 billion kg per year (Pimentel eta/. , 1998). To be effective, pesticides need to persist for a certain period of time. However, the longer their persistence, the greater the potential for transport of a fraction of the amount applied away from the target area. Pesticides are dispersed in the environment by water currents, wind, or biota. Pesticides can directly contaminate ground and surface waters by leaching, surface run-off and drift. Pesticides can also enter the atmosphere during application by evaporation and drift of small spray droplets, that remain airborne. Following application, pesticides may volatilise from the crop or the soil. Finally, wind erosion can cause soil particles and dust loaded with pesticides to enter the atmosphere. The extent to which pesticides enter the air compartment is dependent upon many factors: the properties of the substance in question (e. g. vapour pressure), the amount used, the method of application, the formulation, the weather conditions (such as wind speed, temperature, humidity), the nature of the crop and soil characteristics. Measurements at application sites reveal that sometimes more than half of the amount applied is lost into the atmosphere within a few days (Spencer and Cliath, 1990; Taylor and Spencer; 1990; Van den Berg et a/. , this issue).
Special section fate of pesticides in the atmosphere
Title | Special section fate of pesticides in the atmosphere PDF eBook |
Author | |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 1999 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States
Title | Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States PDF eBook |
Author | John P. Giesy |
Publisher | Springer Science & Business Media |
Pages | 282 |
Release | 2014-04-10 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 3319038656 |
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Fate of Pesticides and Chemicals in the Environment
Title | Fate of Pesticides and Chemicals in the Environment PDF eBook |
Author | Jerald L. Schnoor |
Publisher | John Wiley & Sons |
Pages | 478 |
Release | 1992-04-16 |
Genre | Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | 9780471502326 |
A result of important bilateral scientific agreements between the U.S. and the Soviet Union on the fate of chemicals and pesticides in the environment. Written by experts in both countries, it familiarizes the reader with recent state-of-the-art research being conducted in the areas of agricultural management and water pollution control. A number of models are provided to give the reader a concise grasp of exposure and ecological risk assessments involving these pollutants. Focuses on the necessity to improve our deteriorating standards of public health, environmental science and technology with a total systems approach through the pooled talents of scientists and engineers.
Environmental Impacts of Pesticides: Environmental Fate, Ecotoxicology, Risk Assessment, and Remediation
Title | Environmental Impacts of Pesticides: Environmental Fate, Ecotoxicology, Risk Assessment, and Remediation PDF eBook |
Author | Liangang Mao |
Publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
Pages | 173 |
Release | 2022-11-25 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 2832507220 |