This book aims to provide information about Fourier transform to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy, by explaining the fundamental aspects of the Fourier transform, and techniques for analyzing infrared data obtained for a wide number of materials. It summarizes the theory, instrumentation, methodology, techniques and application of FTIR spectroscopy, and improves the performance and quality of FTIR spectrophotometers.

A careful and accessible exposition of functional analytic methods in stochastic analysis is provided in this book. It focuses on the interrelationship between three subjects in analysis: Markov processes, semi groups and elliptic boundary value problems. The author studies a general class of elliptic boundary value problems for second-order, Waldenfels integro-differential operators in partial differential equations and proves that this class of elliptic boundary value problems provides a general class of Feller semigroups in functional analysis. As an application, the author constructs a general class of Markov processes in probability in which a Markovian particle moves both by jumps and continuously in the state space until it 'dies' at the time when it reaches the set where the particle is definitely absorbed. Augmenting the 1st edition published in 2004, this edition includes four new chapters and eight re-worked and expanded chapters. It is amply illustrated and all chapters are rounded off with Notes and Comments where bibliographical references are primarily discussed. Thanks to the kind feedback from many readers, some errors in the first edition have been corrected. In order to keep the book up-to-date, new references have been added to the bibliography. Researchers and graduate students interested in PDEs, functional analysis and probability will find this volume useful.

The main theme of the book is the spectral theory for evolution operators and evolution semigroups, a subject tracing its origins to the classical results of J. Mather on hyperbolic dynamical systems and J. Howland on nonautonomous Cauchy problems. The authors use a wide range of methods and offer a unique presentation. The authors give a unifying approach for a study of infinite-dimensional nonautonomous problems, which is based on the consistent use of evolution semigroups. This unifying idea connects various questions in stability of semigroups, infinite-dimensional hyperbolic linear skew-product flows, translation Banach algebras, transfer operators, stability radii in control theory, Lyapunov exponents, magneto-dynamics and hydro-dynamics. Thus the book is much broader in scope than existing books on asymptotic behavior of semigroups. Included is a solid collection of examples from different areas of analysis, PDEs, and dynamical systems. This is the first monograph where the spectral theory of infinite dimensional linear skew-product flows is described together with its connection to the multiplicative ergodic theorem; the same technique is used to study evolution semigroups, kinematic dynamos, and Ruelle operators; the theory of stability radii, an important concept in control theory, is also presented. Examples are included and non-traditional applications are provided.

This book covers substantially the central ideas of a one semester course in automata theory. It is oriented towards a mathematical perspective that is understandable to non-mathematicians. Comprehension is greatly aided by many examples, especially on the Chomsky — Schützenberger theorem, which is not found in most books in this field. Special attention is given to semiautomata theory: the relationship between semigroups and sequential machines (including Green's relations), Schützenberger's maximal subgroup, von Neumann inverses, wreath products, transducers using matrix notation, shuffle and Kronecker shuffle products. Methods of formal power series, the ambiguity index and linear languages are discussed. Core material includes finite state automata, regular expressions, Kleene's theorem, Chomsky's hierarchy and transformations of grammars. Ambiguous grammars (not limited to context-free grammars) and modal logics are briefly discussed. Turing machine variants with many examples, pushdown automata and their state transition diagrams and parsers, linear-bounded automata/2-PDA and Kuroda normal form are also discussed. A brief study of Lindenmeyer systems is offered as a comparison to the theory of Chomsky.

Provides a graduate-level introduction to the theory of semigroups of operators.