Unexploded ordnance (UXO) is a worldwide problem, which causes deaths and injuries to people living in post-conflict areas. It also prevents former military training sites from being returned to civilian use before they are properly cleaned. UXO cleaning is both dangerous and expensive. Metal detectors are the most common method used in UXO detection since reliable explosive detecting methods are not available at the current stage. Traditional metal detectors are unable to distinguish between targets of interest (TOI) and non-harzardous metallic clutter. As a result, UXO clean up could end up with about 95% of the digging to be clutter. To overcome this problem, new generation electromagnetic induction systems have recently been developed for subsurface target detection and classification. One of such system is the Time-Domain Electromagnetic Multisensor Towed Array Detection System (TEMTADS), which provides high fidelity EM data for target classification. UXO classification consists of three main steps: 1: Data collection; 2: Data inversion and target parameter extraction; 3: Target discrimination. In this thesis we present TEMTADS data sets inversion and processing approaches for cued (static) and dynamic (moving) measurements. Instead of using traditional matrix inversion and iterative search methods to tackle the highly non-linear problem of target locating, we employ the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for fast and accurate estimation of target locations. The MUSIC algorithm is based on the orthogonality between the signal and noise subspaces in the multi static response (MSR) matrix of targets. In general, to identify the boundary between the two subspaces for actual data is a difficult task. To overcome this, joint-diagonalization (JD) is integrated into the processing. Namely, we use JD to estimate the number of sources presenting in a data set and to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The entire process is automated. Studies are done for test stand and blind data sets. Our results showed that the combined JD-MUSIC algorithm can be used to estimate target locations in near real time. The JD algorithm and Orthonormalized Volume Magnetic Source (ONVMS) model is extended for dynamic TEMTADS anomaly mapping and target picking. The algorithms were tested on data sets collected at live UXO sites in Camp Hale, Colorado. The study shows that JD and ONVMS provide underground target picking and preliminary classification capabilities, if clear background data can be provided. Comparison of inverted parameters between cued and dynamic data suggests that dynamic data can provide generally same value as cued data for classification purpose under good SNR conditions, thus the number of cued measurements needed can be reduced.

Unexploded ordnance (UXO) pose a persistent and expensive problem throughout the world; over 11 million acres are potentially contaminated in the U.S. alone. However, detection requires a very high degree of reliability, the false alarm rate is typically enormous, and cleanup costs are very high. This Tutorial Text addresses the unique challenges of UXO detection and the following topics: fundamental physics and phenomenology; new, successful modeling and analysis methods; the design, development, and testing of new instruments that provide expanded and superior data; innovative processing techniques; and highly successful discrimination performance in blind field tests at standardized sites. The book is written for lay scientists and engineers, as well as specialists in the field, requiring only some familiarity with basic vector calculus and matrix methods, common statistical concepts, and elementary physics.

At the rate that government and nongovernmental organizations are clearing existing landmines, it will take 450-500 years to rid the world of them. Concerned about the slow pace of demining, the Office of Science and Technology asked RAND to assess potential innovative technologies being explored and to project what funding would be required to foster the development of the more promising ones. The authors of this report suggest that the federal government undertake a research and development effort to develop a multisensor mine detection system over the next five to eight years.

This book provides the reader with a unique opportunity to understand the basic and applied research and technology areas that support applications to enable Transformational capabilities for US Soldiers. The research papers are in line with the theme of the 24th Army Science Conference: “Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force,” emphasizing the critical role of Science and Technology in addressing the significant challenges posed by Global War On Terrorism while simultaneously developing Transformational capabilities for the Future Force.

The chapters in this volume were presented at the July–August 2008 NATO Advanced Study Institute on Unexploded Ordnance Detection and Mitigation. The conference was held at the beautiful Il Ciocco resort near Lucca, in the glorious Tuscany region of northern Italy. For the ninth time we gathered at this idyllic spot to explore and extend the reciprocity between mathematics and engineering. The dynamic interaction between world-renowned scientists from the usually disparate communities of pure mathematicians and applied scientists which occurred at our eight previous ASI’s continued at this meeting. The detection and neutralization of unexploded ordnance (UXO) has been of major concern for very many decades; at least since the First World war. UXO continues to be the subject of intensive research in many ?elds of science, incl- ing mathematics, signal processing (mainly radar and sonar) and chemistry. While today’s headlines emphasize the mayhem resulting from the placement of imp- vised explosive devices (IEDs), humanitarian landmine clearing continues to draw signi?cant global attention as well. In many countries of the world, landmines threaten the population and hinder reconstruction and fast, ef?cient utilization of large areas of the mined land in the aftermath of military con?icts.

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a rapidly developing field that has seen tremendous progress over the past 15 years. The development of GPR spans aspects of geophysical science, technology, and a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. It is the breadth of applications that has made GPR such a valuable tool in the geophysical consulting and geotechnical engineering industries, has lead to its rapid development, and inspired new areas of research in academia. The topic of GPR has gone from not even being mentioned in geophysical texts ten years ago to being the focus of hundreds of research papers and special issues of journals dedicated to the topic. The explosion of primary literature devoted to GPR technology, theory and applications, has lead to a strong demand for an up-to-date synthesis and overview of this rapidly developing field. Because there are specifics in the utilization of GPR for different applications, a review of the current state of development of the applications along with the fundamental theory is required. This book will provide sufficient detail to allow both practitioners and newcomers to the area of GPR to use it as a handbook and primary research reference. *Review of GPR theory and applications by leaders in the field*Up-to-date information and references*Effective handbook and primary research reference for both experienced practitioners and newcomers